WTO關於“塑料污染與環境可持續塑料貿易”對話的進展及中國的銜接建議

Progress of WTO Dialogues on Plastic Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Plastic Trade and Suggestions for China

當前塑料國際貿易引起的環境問題突出國際法規制的不足。2020年11月WTO發起的“塑料污染與環境可持續塑料貿易非正式對話”意味著國際社會希望通過發揮國際貿易的作用解決塑料污染問題，並實現可持續的塑料貿易。該對話涵蓋跨領域問題、解決塑料污染的貿易措施、促進塑料的循環和減量這三項議程，目前聚焦塑料替代品和替代物、塑料生命周期分析的技術標準兩大議題。該對話與聯合國制定塑料污染條約的國際倡議、世界海關組織修訂《商品名稱及編碼協調制度》的行動密切互動，明晰了塑料替代品和塑料替代物相關的系列問題以及針對發展中國家的貿易援助計劃等核心任務。作為全球最大的塑料生產國和消費國之一，中國主動推進“塑料污染對話”，中國需要從塑料製品的源頭減量、銷售使用、廢棄物規範回收和處置等環節，推動國內塑料污染防治相關法律法規和政策的完善。

At present, the environmental problems caused by the international trade of plastics highlight the inadequacy of the regulation of international law. In November 2020, WTO initiated ''Informal Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade'' (IDP), with an aim to slove plastic pollution and sustainable plastic trade by means of international trade for the first time. So far, the Dialogue has lanuched three agendas, including cross-cutting issues, trade measures to address plastic pollution, and promotion of recycling and reduction of plastics. It now focuses on plastic alternatives and substitutes, and technical standards for life-cycle analysis of plastics. The Dialogue, is in close interaction with the initiative of United Nations for a treaty on plastic pollution and the World Customs Organization's action to revise the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, clarifying the functional positioning of plastic substitutes and the list of plastic substitutes, the coordination of trade laws and policies of member states on plastic substitutes and substitutes, the unification of international trade technical standards for life cycle analysis of plastics, trade assistance programs for developing countries and other core tasks. As one of the world's largest producers and consumers of plastic, China has been promoting the IDP, demonstrating the responsibility of a major trading power in the World. In order to have a better dialogue on the IDP, China needs to improve relevant domestic laws, regulations and policies from perspectives of prevention and control of the plastic pollution from the source of plastic products, sales and use, and regulation of waste recycling and disposal.