這是誰的都市？1970年代黃春明和趙世熙小說中後殖民論述的他者經與都市空間形構

Whose City Is This? The Other Experience and Urban Space Formation in Postcolonial Discourses in Huang Chun-ming and Jo Se-hee’s Novels in the 1970s.

本文將探討台韓兩國在冷戰體制與新殖民主義宰制下的後殖民社會情境，並以被邊緣化的他者經驗與都市空間形構的互動關係作為介入角度。1970年代新自由主義崛起並隨著蘇聯接續瓦解與冷戰結束，資本主義似乎獲得全面的勝利。而台韓時處威權時代、新帝國主義的局勢中，後殖民都市的發展空間充滿壓迫與矛盾。1970年代開始，不論是地理學的文化轉向或是社會科學的空間轉向，皆逐漸強化社會與空間的意義建構。尤其結合馬克思主義批判觀點，帶出資本主義與都市空間、社會過程與空間形式的關係探討。空間交錯地編織著日常，成為一種供以人們描繪、感知、分析與評價事物的要素，同時也作為一種秩序限制我們的一切。促使筆者思索都市的定義為何，該如何界定各時代中的都市問題？本文將1970年代作為台韓後殖民都市發展的轉捩點，聚焦於黃春明〈蘋果的滋味〉、〈我愛瑪莉〉及趙世熙〈侏儒射上的小球〉，檢視作者們如何藉由描繪他者，再詮釋其所觸及產業化發展下的都市空間感知與認同，尋找文本中的生活場域延伸出的社會形構與其所指涉的文本刺點，並側重於行動者的能動性與物理空間、心靈空間互動的書寫策略：將文本作為一面鏡子，鏡後空間映射出他者的可見性，使其能夠再次注視自己並於所在之處重構主體。

This paper analyzes the postcolonial society of Taiwan and South Korea which were under the domination of the Cold War system and neo-colonialism, and takes the interaction between the experience of marginalized others and the formation of urban space as an intervening position. With the rise of neoliberalism in the 1970s and with the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, capitalism seemed to have triumphed across the board. While Taiwan and South Korea are in the era of authoritarianism and the situation of new imperialism, the development of postcolonial cities is full of oppression and contradiction. Since the 1970s, both the cultural turn in geography and spatial turn in social science have gradually strengthened the construction of society and spatial meanings. Especially combined with the critical viewpoints of Marxism, it brings out the discussion on the relationship between capitalism and urban space, social process and the spatial form. Space intertwines daily life, becoming an element for people to describe, perceive, analyze and evaluate things, and also as an order to limit everything we have. It prompted me to think about the definition of the city, and how to define the urban issues in each era? This article takes the 1970s as a turning point in the development of postcolonial cities in Taiwan and South Korea, focusing on Huang Chun-ming’s “The Taste of Apple”, “I Love Mary” and Jo Se-hee’s “A Dwarf Launches a Little Ball” and analyzing how the authors describe the Other, and then reinterprets the perception and identity of urban space under the development of industrialization, looking for the social formation extended from the life field in the text and the textual punctures it refers to, and also focuses on the writing strategy of the interaction with characters’ mobility and space of physical and spiritual: treating the text as a mirror, the space behind the mirror reflects the visibility of the Other, allowing the Other to look at themselves again and reconstruct the subject where it is.