事後比較的方法

Post Hoc Multiple Comparison

本文主要內容包括多重比較的基本概念與事後比較的方法。全文分為八個部分：一、多重比較的種類:正交比較與非正交比較；事前與事後比較；成對與非成對比較；單一步驟與多重步驟的比較。二、錯誤率的種類：αPC.αFW(αEW)和αPF；三、零假設的種類：整體的零假設與部分的零假設；四、統計公式：t值，q值和F值；五、SAS與SPSS中事後比較的指令；六、事後比較的方法:(1)Tukey法；(2)Fisher-Hayter法；(3)REGW法；(4) Scheff'e法；(5)Tukey-Kramer法；(6)Dunnett's T3法；(7)Dunnett's C法；(8)Games-Howell法；(9)Brown-Forsythe法；(10)Newman-Keuls法；(11)Duncan法；(12)Fisher's LSD法；(13)Peritz法。七、資料分析，視各種方法之結果為何；八、結語。

The main purposes of this article include (1) basic concepts of multiple comparison procedures， and (2) types of hoc multiple comparison procedures. It contains eight parts: 1. types of multiple comparison: orthogonal and nonorthogonal comparison; a priori/planned and a posteriori/postmortem/unplanned comparison; pairwise and nonpairwise comparison; single-step and multiple-step comparison. 2.types of error rate:αPC，αFW(αEW)，和αPF; 3.types of null hypothesis: complete (full or overall ) and partial null hypothesis; 4. types of statistics: t statistic， q or range statistic， and F statistic; 5.commands for post hoc multiple comparison procedures in SAS and SPSS; 6. types of post hoc multiple comparison procedures: (1) Tukey's HSD test， (2) Fisher-Hayter test， (3)REGW test， (4) Scheffe's test， (5)Tukey-Kramer test， (6) Dunnett's T3 test，(7) Dunnett's C test， (8) Games-Howell test， (9) Brown-Forsythe test，(10) Newman-Keuls test， (11) Duncan test， (12) Fisher's LSD test， and(13) Peritz test. 7. data analysis by employing several post hoc multiple comparison procedures. 8. conclusions.