臺中龍井新漳海腔、老泉中腔的方音差及語音變異

The Differences and Sound Changes between New Chang-based Sea and Old Quan-based Middle Accents of Taiwanese Hokkien in Longjing, Taichung

臺灣西部閩南語的方言分佈多半是「近海偏泉腔、內陸偏漳腔」，龍井的漳泉分佈卻以南北劃分，大致以「龍井大排」為界，以南為偏漳腔，以北是偏泉腔。在臺灣的語言地圖上，龍井南漳、北泉的分佈，與臺灣西部「沿海偏泉腔、內陸偏漳腔」不同，其漳、泉腔的地理分佈非常獨特。本文首先比較龍井漳腔及泉腔區各音類的變體分佈，透過老、中、青的調查探究其音變趨勢，本文的調查發現龍井老泉中腔已無〈箴箴文〉念[əm]或[ɨm]之特點，陽聲韻央元音已消失，兩個央元音/ɨ/、/ə/正在快速衰退，/ɨ/比/ə/更快消失。龍井漳腔、泉腔兩區的元音系統都趨向/o/、/ɔ/不分的五元音系統，漳腔區因茄投四大家族主要來自漳浦，漳浦的〈刀高白〉類讀[ɔ]，因此龍井漳腔〈刀高白〉類讀[ɔ]可能承襲自漳浦方言，現代龍井漳腔方言〈高高文〉、〈刀高白〉與〈高沽〉皆合併為[ɔ]，連帶影響泉腔區的音變趨勢。最後，我們發現龍井漳腔、泉腔的音變有些是經由自然演變，然而更多音變是來自方言移借。

The distribution of the Southern Min dialects in western Taiwan mainly exhibits a tendency of“coastal areas favoring Quan-based accent, while inland areas favor Chang-based accent”. However, the distribution of the accents in Longjing is roughly divided along a north-south boundary by the“Longjing Dapai.”The southern area uses the Chang-based accent, while the northern area uses the Quan-based accent. The distribution of the southern Chang and northern Quan in Longjing differs from the pattern in western Taiwan; therefore, the geographic distribution of the local dialects in Longjing is quite unique. The article first compares the distributions of the sound variations of the Chang-based and Quan-based accents in Longjing, examining the trends in sound variations through investigations among the elderly, middle-aged, and young. The article discovers that the“Tsɨm/Tsɔm literary箴箴文”word group is no longer read as [əm] or [ɨm], indicating the disappearance of central vowels followed by a nasal coda. Furthermore, it explores the decline of the two central vowels /ɨ/ and /ə/ in the Longjing Old Quan-based middle accent, with /ɨ/ declining faster than /ə/. The vowel systems in Longjing of Chang-based and Chuan-based accents converge to a five-vowel system. Given the Four Families of Qietou in Chang-based accent area of Longjing mainly immigrated from Zhangpu, where the“To/Ko colloquial刀高白”word group is read [ɔ], the same reading in Chang-based accent area of Longjing may inherit the characteristic of Zhangpu dialect. The“Kɔ/Ko literary高高文”,“To/Ko colloquial刀高白”and“Kɔ/Kɔ高沽”word groups merge into [ɔ] in modern Chang-based accent of Longjing, and this subsequently influences the trend of sound changes of Quan-based accent. Finally, it is found that while some sound changes have undergone natural changes, more have originated from dialect borrowing.