明儒崔銑《易》學及其反思與開展探微

An Analysis of Cui Xian’s Idea of Yijing Research and Reflection on All the Past D ynasties Yijing Research and Development

崔銑為明代著名學者，博通五經，尤精於《易》與《詩》，著有《讀易餘言》五卷，《士翼》、《洹詞》亦有《易》學相關論述。崔銑一方面肯定北宋五子及朱熹理學紹續孔孟聖學，另方面鑑於當時虛誕之學風，不取宋代理學偏向形上哲理的說法，汲取切合生活實存的人倫日用及實事實理，確立回歸孔子之學的學術旨歸。在治《易》方面，強調通貫經傳及重視實踐之理念，並對歷代《易》學加以反思。崔銑推崇王弼及程頤以傳解經，《讀易餘言》便是以羽翼王弼及程頤《易》為宗旨。該書之體例安排，視〈彖傳〉、〈小象傳〉、〈文言傳〉為解經之傳置於〈上經卦略〉、〈下經卦略〉，將〈大象傳〉獨立，呈現以傳解經之理念。全書保存崔銑重要治《易》理念及心得，參酌辨析諸賢《易》說，對於〈繫辭傳〉理氣論，強調理氣相即、即氣顯理的平實說法，釋《易》辭著重闡發日用實行之理。期透過揭示《易》經傳聖人之意，強調修身致用，救正重視玄思的時風。立論穩當平實，時有新意，為明清《易》家所重視。

Cui Xian was a famous scholar in the Ming Dynasty, who was widely versed in the Five Classics, especially in Yijingand Shijing. In addition to Duyiyuyan, there are also related discourses about Yijingin his books Shiyiand Huanci. The way of his studying on Yijingemphasizes the interpretation of Yijingby Yizhuan, and respects Wang Bi and Yi Chuan’s approaches to the interpretation of Yijingby Yizhuan. Duyiyuyanwas written in the later years of his life in order to complement Wang Bi’s and Yi Chuan’s commentaries on Yijing. The book was based on the interpretation of Yijingby Yizhuan,through Tuanzhuan, Xiaoxiangzhuan, and Qiankunwenyan, and was included in the Shangjinggualüeand Xiajinggualüe eespecially the interpretation of the signs and principles of Daxiangchuan by Daxiangshuo, and supplemented Zhu Zi and Wu Cheng’s interpretations of the Xicichuanin the Xi cijishangand Xicijixia, and added Cai Qing’s discussion of symbols in the Shuoguaxun. In addition, he analyzed and identified controversies in the discussion of the Yijingwith reference to Wang Bi, Yi Chuan,Zhu Zi, Wu Cheng and other sages. He didn’t emphasize on the interpretation of symbols but on the interpretation of meanings, and his interpretation followed the context and avoided arbitrary derivation. His arguments were stable and plain, but sometimes with new ideas. His scholarship was valued by several scholars of Yijingin the Ming and Qing dynasties.