智慧作為知道如何過得好：一個知識論探索

Wisdom as Knowing How to Live Well: An Epistemological Exploration

實踐智慧的本質與結構為何？根據哲學家和心理學家普遍持有的觀點，S是智慧的，若且唯若，S知道如何過得好。但究竟什麼是「知道如何過得好」呢？似乎沒人明白怎麼著手回答這個簡單卻又根本的問題。本文透過「知道如何」知識論來探索這問題。第一節指出有兩個關於「知道如何過得好」的「整合問題」尚未被回答。第二節說明為何「知道如何」知識論有助回答整合問題。第三節和第四節分別建構出智識主義與反智識主義，以及它們對於整合問題的回答。第五節展示如何將前述建構出的「知道如何過得好」知識論運用至智慧哲學和智慧心理學之中。

What is the nature and structure of phronesis or practical wisdom? According to the view widely held by philosophers and psychologists, a person S is wise if and only if S knows how to live well. Given this view of practical wisdom, the guiding question is this: What exactly is“knowing how to live well”? It seems that no one has a clear idea of how to answer this simple but fundamental question. This paper explores knowing how to live well (or“life know-how”) by showing how its nature and structure can be understood through contemporary epistemology of knowledge-how. I will achieve this by doing the following. In Section I, I highlight the two as-yet unanswered“integration questions”about life know-how. In Section II, I explain why the epistemology of knowledge-how has good potential to address the integration questions. In Sections III and IV, I construct two positions—intellectualism and anti-intellectualism—for the epistemology of life know-how and show how they address the two integration questions. In Section V, I show how the epistemology of life know-how established in the previous sections can be used in the philosophy of wisdom and the psychology of wisdom.