當CRPD 遇見原住民：社會障礙與社區服務對宜蘭泰雅族原住民障礙者的意義初探

When CRPD and Indigenous People with Disabilities Intersect: A Preliminary Study on Community Services for Atayal Tribe Members in Yi-Lan County

自2006年聯合國通過《身心障礙者權利公約》（CRPD）以來，公約所立基的社會模式和權利模式透過公約簽署開始全球化歷程，臺灣也在2014年通過《身心障礙者權利公約施行法》。CRPD的核心價值包括平等和不歧視、可近性與無障礙、自我決定、合理調整及融合，主要以社區中可近使用的障礙者服務做為實踐公約的方式。與原住民族相比較，原住民族和障礙者兩者具有人口數相對少、社經地位低以及社會歧視等相似社會處境。但原住民政策著重原住民自決與自治，透過原住民自治空間保留文化特殊性，能與主流文化、教育及生活方式作出區隔，與CRPD重視的社區融合有所差異。而CRPD以社會模式為基礎，強調提供障礙者足夠生活支持的龐大福利國家體系，但在原住民族研究中卻常視福利國家為國家殖民。南方障礙研究也直指CRPD和社會模式是北半球都會地區的產物，卻不斷在南半球國家強勢推動。本文以宜蘭縣泰雅族部落中的泰雅障礙者做為研究對象，探討CRPD強調的社會障礙、社會歧視與社區服務對他們的意義。研究結果發現：泰雅族障礙者對主流社會認知的歧視用語和社會障礙無感、社會受苦的環境成為另類「致障」（disabling）環境，而CRPD的可近社區服務並非他們最迫切的需求。

The United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006; in 2014 Taiwan passed an“Act on the Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.”Core CRPD values include non-discrimination, accessibility, self-determination, and integration; implementation emphasizes community services. Indigenous populations and disabled individuals have small populations, lower socioeconomic statuses, and greater social discrimination. Taiwan’s policies prioritize indigenous self-determination, autonomy, and cultural preservation through spatial autonomy. This approach supports differentiation from mainstream culture, unlike the CRPD emphasis on community inclusion. The CRPD social model emphasizes robust supportive welfare states, but indigenous studies scholars describe welfare states as a form of state colonization; those working in the global south perceive CRPD social models as products of northern urban areas. This study focuses on individuals in the Atayal tribal communities of Yi-Lan County, Taiwan to investigate the significance of social disabilities, social discrimination, and community services as emphasized by the CRPD. Findings reveal that disabled Atayal tribe members do not perceive mainstream discriminatory language or social disabilities as impactful, but that their social conditions represent“disabling”environments. Accordingly, the CRPD emphasis on accessible community services might not address their most pressing needs.