段注《說文》「某行而某廢」之探討

Research of“One word is employed and another will be aborted”From Dung’s Exegesis

據筆者統計，段玉裁《說文解字注》言及形義存廢之術語出現次數三百餘條。其具體內容，本文概分為「逕云字義的行廢」、「逕云字形的行廢」、「以古今字論形義存廢」、「以正俗字論形義存廢」等四大類。本文所涉及之內容，非僅是淺略的性質分類，而是關涉到段氏對於漢語詞義系統的發展與運用之看法、漢字孳乳演化之概況，以及古今字、正俗字觀念的闡發等文字、訓詁上重大的議題。今以段注《說文》作為研究材料，綜合整理，歸納分析，進而深入研討，務使今人於段氏許學研究能多一個觀察角度，重新思考與探討。段書注語中言及形義存廢者，數量不少，惟限於篇幅，僅能擇要舉例說明。本文針對段注說明中「某行而某廢」之術語予以分類，進行古今詞義演變與字形孳乳的探討，徵諸古代文獻典籍，交互比對分析，並歸納出文字形義存廢之成因與反映之文字現象，此即本文撰作之重點所在。

Based on the writer’s statistics, the phrase of one word’s existence and abolition appears in the“Shor-Wen-Jei-Zi-Ru”about three hundred times. This article consists of four items. There are“the application and abolition of words meanings”,“the application and abolition of words fonts”,“original-and-current-words”,“popular-and-formal-words’. This article involves not only the rough classification but also the important issues of Chinese’s development and usage, the notion of current words and original words and the notion of popular words and formal words. We study the Dung’s Shor-Wen-Jei-Zi-Ru to collate and analysis the Dung’s Ru to provide scholars own more observation directions in the Dung’s research. There are so many cases about the application and abolition of words meanings and fond. Due to the limitation of space, we select essential cases to elucidate it. We classify the“one word is employed and another will be aborted”from Dung’s exegesis and investigate the evolution of original-and-current-words and the generation of words fond. This study quotes the ancient books to analysis and conclude the reason of one word’s existence and abolition and the phenomenon of words.