昆蟲在低碳淨零之影響及利用：以自然為本的解決方案

The roles and applications of insect in carbon net zero:Nature-based solutions

昆蟲種類繁多、數量龐大、分佈廣泛、棲所多樣，幾乎涵蓋地表，在生態系中佔有重要地位。尤其是腐食性昆蟲，在自然生態系中扮演清道夫及資源回收的角色，他們取食動植物屍體，在分解者還沒或正在分解，尚未排放大量甲烷和二氧化碳前，就回收、消化、儲存在體內，再被其他動物取食，經由食物鏈，進入生態圈，形成一個龐大碳匯。因此，他們的活動，對生態循環和低碳淨零的影響很大。以自然為本的解決方案，強調保護、經營、修護生態系，昆蟲的重要性與日俱增。本文主要就腐食性昆蟲，尤其是黑水虻的利用，分析其在有機廢棄物處理的應用，長大的蟲體作為飼料，萃取生質柴油、蟲糞作為肥料等的利用價值，並討論在低碳淨零、循環經濟、永續經營時，如何利用昆蟲打造一個以自然為本的解決方案。

Insects are diverse, numerous and widespread, with an enormous range of habitats covering almost all of the Earth’s land surface. Among insects, scavenger insects play the vital role of resource recyclers in the natural ecosystem. They feed on the dead bodies of plants and animals, recycling, digesting, and preserving carbon in their bodies. Thus, they prevent the release of carbon dioxide and methane caused by decomposers’metabolization of carbon. As other animals feed on scavenger insects, carbon enters the ecosystem through the food chain, forming a huge carbon sink. Therefore, the activities of scavenger insects have a significant impact on the ecology and carbon net zero goals. Nature-based solutions emphasize the protection, management, and restoration of ecosystems, which makes insects, particularly scavenger insects, all the more important. This paper focuses on the use of scavenger insects, specifically the black soldier fly, and analyzes its application in organic waste treatment, animal feed production, biodiesel extraction, and the usage of insect frass as fertilizer. We discuss how insects can be used as a nature-based solution to reduce our carbon footprint, promote the circular economy, and foster sustainable development.