朝向碳中和與氫經濟：國家氫能源發展模式之比較研究

Moving toward the Carbon Neutrality and hydrogen economy：An comparative study of national energy policy for hydrogen resources

歐盟於2023年正式啟動「碳邊境調整機制」（Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM）等淨零碳排措施，全球主要經濟體希冀藉由在本世紀中葉達到碳中和的目標，並思索提升氫能源應用及碳中和目標之因果關係，氫能源發展與國家能源政策主導脈絡密不可分。本研究首先環顧氫能源發展之相關文獻，並透過比較個案研究法探討歐盟、美國、德國、英國、日本、韓國、中國大陸、澳洲、智利、沙烏地阿拉伯和埃及等國家氫能源發展模式；再者，分析碳中和與氫經濟之因果關係之外，更進一步區分出「減碳與氫能併用模式」、「氫能與減碳擴大模式」及「強化氫能源出口模式」等三種發展模式之差異；最後，本研究認為各國的國家氫能發展模式勢必涉及全球地緣政治之變遷因而產生國家戰略互動層次（合作夥伴、競合關係、競爭對手）。

The EU was introducing net-zero carbon emission measures such as the ''Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism'' (CBAM) in 2022. Major global economies are also achieving the policy goal of carbon neutrality by the mid-21st century. In fact, the replenishment of hydrogen has become extremely simple due to the proliferation of hydrogen energy applications. Since the development of hydrogen energy is inseparable from the leading context of national energy policies：First, this study focuses on the construction of hydrogen energy development models in countries such as the EU, USA, Germany, UK, Japan, Korea, Mainland China, Australia, Chile, Saudi Arabia and Egypt through a case study approach. Second, not only clarifying the causal inference between carbon neutrality and hydrogen economy, but also examines the differences between the three models of hydrogen energy policy planning, namely the“Carbon Reduction and Hydrogen Combination Model”, the“Hydrogen Expansion and Carbon Reduction Expansion Model”, and the“Enhanced Hydrogen Export Model”. Finally, let the national hydrogen energy development model be upgraded to the level of national strategic interaction (partners, co-opetition, competitors) under global geopolitics.