主管八卦：一個跨層級研究架構之發展

Supervisor Gossip: Developing A Cross-level Research Framework

本研究聚焦於主管作為八卦的傳遞者，依據八卦的屬性與範疇進行主管八卦類型的建構，並提出一個主管八卦的跨層級研究架構。首先，本研究區分出激勵型、規範型、關係型及惡意型等四種主管八卦類型。其次，探討這四種主管八卦類型如何經由團體過程來影響團體結果，並說明在團體地位及團體多樣性的調節下，其團體過程與團體結果可能產生的變異。再者，主管八卦類型也可以跨層級的影響部屬的領導行為知覺，進而影響其個人效能，而這樣的過程也受到部屬的趨近-趨避氣質及發展性工作經驗等個人層級調節變項所影響。總之，本研究主張領導者非正式的溝通行為，與其領導效能息息相關。

This study focuses on the supervisor as the transmitter of workplace gossip, and constructs the type of supervisor gossip based on the valence and scope of gossip for developing a cross-level research framework. First, this study distinguishes four types of supervisory gossip, namely motivational gossip, normative gossip, relational gossip, and malicious gossip. Second, this study explores how the four types of supervisory gossip affect group outcomes through group process, and illustrate group status and group diversity as the group-level boundary conditions for group outcomes. Finally, supervisor gossip can also affect subordinates’leadership perception and personal outcomes, and the effects are affected by the approach-avoidance temperament and developmental job experience which are as the individual-level boundary conditions. Overall, this study argues that leaders’informal communication behaviors are significantly related to their leadership effectiveness.