原住民兒童文學中的傳說改寫與華語書寫之思考：以布農族乜寇．索克魯曼繪本創作《伊布奶奶的神奇豆子》為例

Rewriting Legends and Sinophone Writing in Indigenous Children's Literature: a Study of Neqou Soqluman’s Grandma Ibu's Magical Beans

布農族作家乜寇．索克魯曼（Neqou Soqluman）於2017年初出版《伊布奶奶的神奇豆子》繪本，該書為少數文字、圖像創作者均為本族人的原住民兒童文學作品。以都市布農族孩子與原鄉伊布奶奶的互動與對話，呈現了布農族傳統豆類文化的生命思維，融攝傳統布農族農業文化哲學。作者改寫並運用了布農族地底人傳說，透過祖孫口傳場景將傳說改寫並嵌入作品，將傳說化為寫作的元素，以之作為一種本族文化的「再現」。本文將探討作者對布農族的傳統文化，如命名傳統、生命傳承、傳說意義、農耕智慧等，在作品架構中做了何種有意識的安排，如何以華語書寫詮釋布農族文學的特殊質性。本文並嘗試觀察繪圖者依法兒．瑪琳奇那的圖畫象徵與敘事風格，考察敘事與圖像二者的搭配所呈現的關係。
《伊布奶奶的神奇豆子》前身為作者自版布農語、漢語並陳的《奶奶伊布的豆子故事》，六年後重新改寫為《伊布奶奶的神奇豆子》，卻成為華語為主的繪本。語言的使用在原住民文化繪本的創作上，考量使用主流語言兒童的閱讀與理解、與布農族兒童學習族群語言和文化傳承，二者如何取捨？在原住民語言與文化需保存與復振的當下，乜寇的《伊布奶奶的神奇豆子》以布農族傳統農作中豆子的知識體系作為故事的主要架構，但又為何在作品中隻字未提布農？透過對此書的觀察與分析，思索其對原住民兒童文學創作提供了何種示範、啟示與省思？

In early 2017, Bunun writer Neqou Soqluman published the picture book Grandma Ibu's Magical Beans. It is one of few indigenous children’s literature that was written and illustrated both by indegeous people. Through the interaction and dialogue between a Bunun girl and Grandma Ibu, the bean crop tradition of Bunun is presented along with the adapting and embedding of the Bunun legend“the underground people.”This paper explores various arrangements by the author who intended to represent Bunun philosophy of life which includes the naming tradition, legacy inheritance, implications of legends, and farming wisdom. This paper also analyzes the characteristics of Bunun Sinophone literature as well as observes the symbolic and narrative techniques of illustrator Eval Malinjinnan.
Grandma Ibu's Magical Beans was originally Grandma Ibu's Bean Story which was written in both Bunun and Chinese and self-published six years earlier. However, in Grandma Ibu's Magical Beans, most Bunun language was replaced by Chinese. Children’s literature written in indegenous language faces a dilemma: aiming for the reading and comprehension of children who speak a mainstream language, or for educating indegenous children on their language and culture. Although the author attempted to present the knowledge system of Bunun agriculture as the main framework of the story, it is contradictory that the author tries to avoid mentioning“Bunun”as a keyword. Through observation and analysis of this book, this paper tries to identify the demonstrations, enlightenments and reflections brought about by this book from the perspective of creating and shaping indigenous children's literature.