COVID-19疫情間城市治理與疫後調適策略分析──以高雄市政府施政作法為例

City Government of Covid-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Adjustment Strategies: the Case of Kaohsiung City

根據衛福部112年3月20日宣布調整「嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎」（以下簡稱COVID-19）疾病通報定義，改為：符合COVID-19併發症（中重症）條件之民眾需通報並隔離治療，輕症或無症狀民眾如檢驗陽性，不需通報也不需隔離，同年4月25日宣布防疫降級，5月1日起COVID-19改第四類法定傳染病，指揮中心也解編，COVID-19疫情終於告一段落。但這三年疫情期間，因社會疏遠、封鎖和檢疫等非藥物措施對生產和消費模式變化，對企業運營不善或關閉、金融市場崩盤及經濟放緩等問題產生了長期影響，加上社會階級以及財富和資源上的分配不均等，COVID-19已使得大多數國家產生相當大的醫療不平等（Panneer et al., 2022），在COVID-19和其他非COVID疾病的特殊時期，社會經濟背景較低的人們根本很難獲得基本醫療保健服務。因此，為兼顧疫情控制與經濟發展，各個政府也絞盡腦汁，想盡各種政策作為，雖然所提出的策略作為或許因地制宜而有些不同，但其成效及目的是否達成還是眾人最關心的事項。本研究基於第一線的親身參與及實地觀察，以高雄市為例，本研究採用文獻分析法（Document analysis）與參與觀察法進行研究分析，來探討COVID-19疫情對經濟、防疫與醫療、脆弱族群照護及城市建築規劃的影響等四方面的影響及治理作為成效，進而歸納出研究結果及建議。結果顯示，COVID-19疫情確實對經濟、防疫與醫療、脆弱族群照護及城市建築規劃產生具體的影響，而高雄市政府所採用的治理策略，也確實有效減緩疫情的衝擊。最後提四個面向的疫後調適策略建議，期能提供借鏡參考並供疫後面對下一次挑戰的事先準備，共同邁向樂活疫後新生活。

In 2023, the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) established that the policy exempting people who test positive for COVID-19 on a rapid test and experience mild or no symptoms from reporting and isolation would take effect on March 20th. COVID-19 would be downgraded to the fourth type of infectious disease. Starting on that day, self-health monitoring would enter a new stage, in which reporting and quarantine requirements for mild cases would end. Looking back on the past three years, due to the pandemic and relevant countermeasures, lifestyles, industries, medical care, social care for the underprivileged, and living spaces have been greatly impacted. Governments have also implemented various policies to balance pandemic control and economic development. Strategies for countermeasures might vary depending on local conditions, but the effectiveness of governance is a matter of great concern to the public. Through actual participation and observation on the frontline, this study takes Kaohsiung City as an example to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industrial economy, medical care, social care for underprivileged minorities, urban and architectural space, and policy governance. The study aims to review its effectiveness and propose adaptive strategies for the post-pandemic era. The results show that the COVID-19 epidemic has indeed had a specific impact on the industrial economy, medical care, social care of underprivileged minorities , and urban and architectural space, and the governance strategies adopted by the Kaohsiung City Government have indeed effectively mitigated the impact of the epidemic. This study is expected to provide a reference and preparation for the next challenges, guiding the transition to a new lifestyle after the pandemic.