司法社會工作者角色與專業養成──以藥癮戒治場域的經驗為起點

The Roles and Professional Development of Forensic Social Workers−Starting from the Experiences in the Field of Drug Rehabilitation Agency

近年法務部獄政革新專案，決議聘用社工等專業人力，同時，司法社會工作領域也逐步發展之中。本研究想要透過實徵的方法，從現有的實踐經驗中，探究社會工作者如何逐步建立起專業角色。因此，研究的目的為瞭解司法社會工作角色及及其專業養成。研究方法上，主要採質性研究，以6位在民間毒品戒治機構的社會工作者為研究對象，進行資料搜集。毒品相關問題是犯罪類型的大宗之一，而從社會工作的發展歷史來看，民間單位的經驗對社會工作各領域一直具有啟發的意義。本研究以深度訪談，作為資料搜集的方法，訪談前先準備訪談大綱，訪談後進行逐字稿謄寫，進而進行主題分析與類屬分析。研究結果發現司法社會工作角色包括：使能者、陪伴與治療者、仲介者、調停者、教育者、協調者、研究者、督導者，其中直接服務及資源連結角色最易被認識、風險管理者最為獨特、而倡導者角色最為缺乏。至於領域的專業養成則需包括專業訓練、團隊緊密關係、機構正向支持、與個人經歷有關的專業熱忱、整理自身情緒的能力、專業反思與傳承。本研究建議：在司法／矯治體系中，增進機構支持與跨專業合作，並將社會工作角色研究擴展至更大的司法／矯治場域。

In recent years, the Ministry of Justice has initiated the Prison Reform Project, and decided to hire professionals such as social workers. At the same time, the field of forensic social work has been developing. This study aims to explore how social workers gradually establish their professional roles through empirical methods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the roles and professional development of forensic social work. Research methods: qualitative research is employed in the research, focusing on six social workers working in private drug rehabilitation institutions for data collection. Drug-related issues are the major type of crimes. Nevertheless, from the perspective of the development of social work, the experiences of private organizations have always been inspirational in various fields of social work. In this study, in-depth interviews are used as the method of data collection. Prior to the interviews, interview outlines are prepared, and after the interviews, verbatim transcripts are made, followed by thematic analysis and categorization analysis. Result: the roles of forensic social work include enablers, therapists, agents, mediators, educators, coordinators, researchers, and supervisors. The roles of direct service and resource connection are the most recognizable, the role of risk manager is the most unique, and the role of advocate is the most lacking. The professional development in the field, it requires professional training, close team relationships, support of institution, professional enthusiasm related to personal experiences, self-emotional management, professional reflection and inheritance. Suggestions: in the judicial/correctional system, support from institution and interdisciplinary collaboration are important, and the research on social work roles should be expanded in broader judicial/correctional domains.