尋找空間正義：莫拉克颱風災後空間治理的形成及瓦解

In Search of Spatial Justice: The Formation and Disintegration of the Spatial Governmentality after Typhoon Morakot

莫拉克颱風帶來的災難並未遠去，重大變故或災難往往帶來新的權力關係、治理實作和制度變遷，人們至今仍承擔其效應並與之搏鬥。本文重新詮釋災後安置重建政策的意義及後果，從壓迫性與解放性的雙重動力來掌握以風災治理為名而打造的空間，以及永久屋居民的希望與抵抗空間。本文與既有研究不同之處在於強調，雖然官民實力相差懸殊，災難治理仍非單方意志所能貫徹，底層抵抗實踐的作用同樣重要，並凸顯空間治理部署的困難、拼湊、自相矛盾和持續位移的特性，如今也瀕臨分崩離析的臨界點。此外，本文以屏東縣長治百合園區阿禮部落的空間實踐為例，凸顯即便在極端不利的園區空間政治之中，族人的空間實踐仍能創造有利於自身再生產的條件；並將阿禮村民的抵抗實踐，詮釋為對於「空間正義」（跟漢人一樣平等享有城市權與差異權）的追求。從追求公平、正義與健全制度的角度來看，重建政策難謂成功；但阿禮部落作為正面案例，刺激人們思考更人性與包容的解決路徑。

Major disasters often bring about new power relations, governance practices and institutional changes as people continue to bear the effects and struggle with them. As such, the impacts of the 2009 Typhoon Morakot disaster in Taiwan are still felt today. This article reinterprets the post-disaster resettlement and reconstruction policies for the heavily impacted indigenous community from the dialectic of oppression and liberation, aiming to outline the contour and evolution of the disaster spatial governmentality created in the name of disaster governance, along with the space of hope and resistance of the inhabitants. This article differs from existing studies in that it highlights the patchwork of difficulties, contradictions, and dynamic characteristics of this spatial governmentality, which is now facing disintegration. Its formation and evolution are codetermined by both top-down governmentality and bottom-up resistance practices. This paper also takes as an example the spatial practices of the Adiri tribe in Changzhi Lily Park, Pingtung County, highlighting that even in the extremely unfavorable spatial politics of the park, the tribe’s spatial practices can still create conditions conducive to their own cultural reproduction. This is best understood as the pursuit of“spatial justice”i.e., equal entitlement to the right to the city and the right to difference like the majority Han people.