高齡者的既有住宅改善原則之認知分析

Cognitive Analysis of the Principles of Improvement of Existing Housing for the Elderly

高齡者在宅老化減少機構化照護環境設施的發展方向是世界各國共同的趨勢。我國住宅自有率高，老屋數量比例也高，對於高齡社會來說，老屋設施設備改善是促成「在地老化」的重要關鍵。本研究透過文獻回顧，彙整29項重要改善原則，利用問卷方式，採用因素分析歸納出二個主成分，並分析不同性別、年齡層、身分別對各改善原則重要性認知程度。發現涉及「可及性」及「安全性」之改善原則，普遍為各族群所重視。其中「可及的垂直動線設施」、「無高差的室內外動線」、「即時觸動的求救設備」、「防滑軟質的地板材質」4項最為重要。另外，女性對便利性中省力設施設備改善與男性有明顯的認知差距。29項改善原則，65歲以上族群重要性認知程度幾乎都高於未滿65歲族群，「無高差的室內外動線」、「可及的垂直動線設施」兩項重要程度容易被未滿65歲族群低估。建築師對「可及的垂直動線設施」的重要性明顯高於一般中高齡者，「居家照護的工作空間」則相反。主成份分析法篩檢出由高齡者居住環境改善的二組成份結果，初步得出成分一「空間便利舒適因素」10項重要改善原則，另外成分二「可及性及安全因素」7項重要改善原則，凸顯了「便利舒適性」與「可及安全」改善原則重要性。本研究結果可以提供政府作為鼓勵住宅改善推動重點的參考，也可以為建築從業者更容易理解與高齡者對於住宅改善的認知差距。

It is a common trend for countries around the world to provide services for the elderly at home and in the community, and to reduce the development direction of institutionalization. Our country has a high rate of home ownership and a high proportion of old houses. For an aging society, the improvement of old house facilities and equipment is an important key to promoting ''Aging in place''. Through literature review, this study collected 29 important improvement items, used questionnaires, and adopted factor analysis to summarize four principal components, and analyzed the degree of awareness of the importance of each improvement principle in different genders, age groups, and identities. It was found that improvement items related to ''accessibility'' and ''safety'' are generally valued by all ethnic groups. Among them, ''accessible facilities on vertical flow '', ''indoor and outdoor flow’s floor without height difference'', ''instant emergency rescue equipment'', and ''non-slip and soft material floor'' are the most important. In addition, there is an cognitive difference between women and men in the improvement of labor-saving facilities and equipment in convenience. The awareness of the importance of various improvement projects among ethnic groups aged 65 and above is higher than that of those under 65 years old. The importance of the two items of ''accessible facilities on vertical flow ''and ''indoor and outdoor flow’s floor without height difference'' is easily underestimated by those under the age of 65, and the importance of ''accessible facilities on vertical flow'' for professional practitioners is significantly higher than that of the general middle-aged and elderly people, ''Workspace for homecare'' is the opposite. The results of this study can provide a reference for the government to encourage housing improvement to promote key projects, and can also help construction practitioners understand the cognitive difference in cognition of housing improvement with the elderly more easily.