地租為地方公共財財源之新經濟地理模型

A Model of New Economic Geography for Land Rent as a Financial Source of Local Public Goods

長期以來，土地做為生產要素的角色在主流經濟學與新經濟地理學中一直是被忽略的。本研究企圖在新經濟地理學的基礎架構上，將土地設定為經濟系統中的生產要素之一，使土地成本（地租）成為一種分散力，同時將地租做為地方公共財之財源，使得土地成本再轉換成為一種聚集力。這樣的模型設定不同於以往核心－邊陲模型僅單獨加入土地成本或地方公共財之模型設定，並強調地租與地方公共財同時存在於真實世界的重要性不可被忽視。研究結果顯示，隨著不同聚集力程度的條件以及地方公共財偏好程度，空間結構會呈現出多種型態之變化。值得強調的是，當地方公共財偏好為中高程度以上時，空間結構在高貿易自由度（低運輸成本）時可繼續維持穩定的聚集均衡，甚至聚集均衡成為經濟系統中唯一的穩定均衡。此結果能夠更合理解釋真實世界之空間現象，且不同於過去新經濟地理學文獻的共同主要結果：當核心–邊陲模型加入土地成本後，空間結構在高貿易自由度時由聚集均衡轉為分散均衡。

For a long time, the role of land as a factor of production has been neglected in the new economic geography. This study constructs a core-periphery model with land as a factor of production and the land cost becomes into a new dispersal force. At the same time, the conversion of land cost into a new agglomeration force by using land rent as a financial source for local public goods. The results of the model show that the spatial structure changes in a variety of ways depending on the degree of aggregation forces and the preference of local public goods. It is worth emphasizing that when the local public goods preference is medium to high, the spatial structure can continue to maintain a stable agglomeration equilibrium at high freeness of trade (low transportation cost), and even the agglomeration equilibrium becomes the only stable equilibrium in the economic system. This result is different from the commonly main result in the previous literature: when the core-periphery model adds land cost, the spatial structure shifts from an agglomeration equilibrium to a dispersion equilibrium at high freeness of trade.