應用追蹤資料分析臺灣縣市發展特性與住宅用電消費差異

The Differences of Residential Electricity Consumption in Taiwan Countries by the Use of Panel Data Analysis

臺灣既有的能源政策偏重於再生能源技術推展，而需求面向的政策則相對較少。從能源需求面向而言，住宅用電成長率近年來較其他部門高，在研議如何減少住宅用電，實務上有其重要性。本研究將從兩個研究領域進行文獻研析，分別為能源經濟領域及都市空間領域。能源經濟領域以個體經濟探討住宅能源消費並著重於住宅用電習慣；而都市空間領域則討論如何以都市規劃設計改變居住環境達到減少住宅用電。本研究以該兩研究領域的立論為基礎，探討住宅用電消費與相關因素關聯分析及縣市住宅用電習慣之空間差異因素。研究資料來自政府部門之開放資料，建立19個縣市與2012至2016每月之追蹤資料。首先依相關分析及文獻篩選與調整變數，透過動態模型結果顯示：縣市住宅用電習慣成長率在臺中市以及新北市呈現顯著正成長，雲林縣則為顯著負成長，而多數縣市則成長率在統計上並不顯著。

The policies of energy in Taiwan mostly focus on the energy technology promotion. However, it is also important to get a better understanding of the policy performances in the energy consumption from the perspective of demand. Literature reviews reveal that the growth rate of electricity consumption for the household sector is the highest in Taiwan in the past decade We are interested in knowing how the household living habit affects the electricity consumption. We review literature from two fields. The first would be on the field of energy economics and the second would be on the field of spatial planning. Based on the arguments arising from the literature reviewing, the focal work of this paper is to find factors that affect the electricity consumption growth, especially from the household user’s habit of electricity consumption. The empirical data is selected from the data bank of electricity consumption at the scale of the county level, and also with a time-series panel data from 2012 to 2016, which is released for public use by the Taiwan government. Several empirical findings were concluded in this research. We found that the use’s habit of electricity consumption is different in the county level, (e.g., increasing the consumption growth in big agglomerations such as New Taipei City and Taichung City in contrast to decrease in rural area like Yunlin County. The marginal quantity of residential electricity is decreasing when the household reaches the level of a level of better living quality. And, in consistence to literature, our empirical findings support the argument that the high residence density would help to reduce the electricity consumption in Taiwan.