文化力量射出來的運動──原住民傳統射箭與運動自治社群的生成

Sports as Culture: on Contemporary Resurgence of Traditional Archery among the Taiwan Indigenes

本文係以探討近年漸盛行原住民社群中的「傳統射箭」運動現象，特由三個面向觀察分析。其一，瞭解傳統射箭運動生成的過程；其二，運動賽事促生的動力；其三，何以形成特別的運動社群。借由這三個面向進一步探究(1)本項運動所標舉「傳統」的文化內容與象徵意義；(2)賽事構成及運動社群形成的當代意義，特別是運動對原住民現代化與自主治理的意義。經本文分析，原住民傳統射箭之所以能夠生成，是由於原住民各族群生活文化之中即有射箭的要素，所以在政府提倡推動原住民傳統民俗體育運動時，被檢選成為提倡項目之一。這個將文化技藝項目運動化的過程，或可稱之為「文化運動化」的現象。此一射箭運動的物質條件與比賽方式在發展的過程中融合了原住民內部族群的差異，也加入外部的元素，成為運動場上新的混合或合成文化(hybrid culture)和「泛原住民文化認同」的現象。這個由臺灣各界共同努力促成的新運動領域，提供原住民射箭愛好者形成眾多類型的自主自治組織，以及經常互動比賽交流的社群網絡，以提供原住民強化文化認同、追求健康生活、豐富人際關係以及自我成就的機會。而此一運動自治的知識與能力，是得自於長期以來國家運動現代化政策的洗禮與塑模。然而，這知識與能力卻反身成為原住民抵抗全球化和現代化挑戰的力量所依。

This article explores the prevailing phenomenon of traditional archery within indigenous communities in recent years. It is analyzed from three aspects: the genesis of traditional archery as a sport, the driving forces behind sports events, and the reasons why unique sports communities are formed. Through an examination of these three aspects, we delve deeper into the following themes: (1) the cultural content and symbolic meaning of“tradition”in this sport; (2) the contemporary significance of sports formation and the establishment of sports communities, particularly their influence on indigenous modernization and autonomy. As is analyzed in this paper, the emergence of indigenous traditional archery can be attributed to the presence of archery elements in the lives and cultures of various indigenous ethnic groups. As a result, when the government promotes indigenous traditional sports, archery is selected as one of the advocated projects. This process, where cultural practices are transformed into sports, can be described as a phenomenon of“cultural sportization.”During its development, archery as a sport has transcended internal differences between indigenous groups through shared material conditions and competition systems. The incorporation of external elements has led to the creation of a new hybrid culture and the phenomenon of“pan-indigenous cultural identity.”This new sports domain has been cultivated through collaborative efforts from various sectors of Taiwanese society. It provides indigenous archery enthusiasts with opportunities to establish various types of autonomous organizations and social networks, facilitating frequent interactive competitions and exchanges. Moreover, it offers indigenous individuals the chance to strengthen their cultural identity, embrace a healthy lifestyle, foster abundant relationships, and achieve personal fulfillment. The knowledge and capabilities derived from this sports autonomy are the result of the long-term influence of the national policies promoting sports modernization. However, this knowledge and capability have also become the very strength upon which indigenous communities rely to resist the challenges of globalization and modernization.