工作滿意度、組織承諾與離職意圖：中小學教師與其他職業之比較

Job Satisfaction, Organization Commitment and Turnover Intention: A Comparison Among Elementary-Secondary School Teachers and Other Occupations

工作滿意度、組織承諾與離職意圖在教師教育研究中都是很重要的研究議題。本研究根據相關文獻建立一個因果模式，並以工作特質作為個人背景影響其工作滿意度、組織承諾與離職意圖的中介變項，探究我國中小學教師在這些主觀工作意識的特殊性。分析的資料來自 2005年台灣社會變遷基本調查(第五期第一次研究問卷工作與生活組)。研究結果發現中小學教師的工作滿意度與組織承諾高於大多數的職業，而且與其他職業工作者相較，離職意圖偏低。進一步路徑分析發現：許多工作特質變項對工作滿意度、組織承諾都有顯著影響，並進一步又影響到工作者的離職意圖。而中小學教師，因為工作特質的優勢，而使中小學老師比其他職業工作者有較高的工作滿意度與組織承諾，並進而使其離職意圖低於大多數職業。

Teacher's Job satisfaction， organization commitment and turnover intention are very important topics in educational research. Based on related research， this study developed a causal model and used job characteristics as mediating variables to analyze how background variables affect an individual's subjective job consciousness (including job satisfaction， organization commitment and turnover intention)， and compared the characteristics of such job consciousness between teachers and employees in other occupations in Taiwan. The data used in the analysis are from the “Social Change Survey in Taiwan 2005.” The results showed that elementary and secondary school teachers had higher levels of job satisfaction and organization commitment and a lower level of turnover intention than employees with different occupations. A further path analysis suggested that many variables associated with job characteristics had significant effects on employees' job satisfaction and organization commitment. Besides， job characteristics also significantly influenced turnover intention through mediation of job satisfaction and organization commitment. Due to advantages in job characteristics， elementary and secondary school teachers exhibited relatively higher levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment than most employees with different occupations. Their lower turnover intention was a result of their higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment.