包容性成長概念與指標的比較與應用

上個世紀末以降，諸多國家面臨經濟不平衡成長的問題；21世紀第一個10年更為嚴重。面對此共通性的所得與工資分配愈趨不均，貧富差距逐漸擴大，貧窮的威脅日增，各主要國家的經濟發展政策主軸，也從追求「快速成長」（fast growth）轉變為強調「包容性成長」（inclusive growth）。包容性成長的要義在於創造各種可及的經濟機會，透過鼓勵就業提高社會包容性，強化社會安全網，藉由經濟發展帶動社會均等。本研究根據亞洲開發銀行提出的包容性成長指標，針對台灣與鄰近的中、日、星、港、韓等地進行跨時及跨國的比較分析。結果發現，台灣的包容性指標有部分不及鄰近國家。要達成包容性成長的經濟發展政策規劃，應該參酌相關指標的改變，作為政策推展的評估依據。本研究具體的政策建議是：選定幾個重要指標，逐一檢視並排定待改善項目的先後順序，設定目標及預計達成時間。依循特定指標項目追求包容性成長，不僅在政策推動上較有架構性，也有助於政策制定單位的追蹤考核。

Many countries confronted unbalanced growth by the end of last century, and the problem has become worse in the first decade in the 21st century. Suffering from the common phenomenon of enlarging inequality of income and increasing threat from poverty, the economic development strategy of the major countries have turned from fast growth to inclusive growth. The key of inclusive growth is to create all kinds of accessible economic opportunities to encourage employment and strengthen social safety net. Thus the goal of social equality can be achieved through economic development. This study introduces the inclusive growth indicators that provided by Asian Development Bank to make cross-sectional and time-series analyses on Taiwan, China, Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea. It is found that Taiwan's economic development is not quite balanced at certain aspects in comparison with other Asian major countries. The indicators can serve as a guide line for policy implementation to move toward efficiency and equity simultaneously. Policy recommendation of this study is to select and prioritize a set of import indices and then set a time table to reach the goals. It is easier to pursue inclusive growth policy under the structural index system.