1994~2005年台灣家庭所得不均度的分解與變化分析

所得分配是經濟社會中一項相當重要的衡量指標，可以從中得知國家經濟發展成果是否為全民所共享。一般來說，適當的所得分配高低差距乃反映個人貢獻與產業分工的合宜性；但若是所得分配高低差距過大，則隱含經濟發展的成果只集中於少數人手中，可能會造成民眾的質疑，進而引起社會動盪；反之，如果所得分配高低差距過小，則隱含民眾在勞動市場付出不同的勞力，但是卻得到相差無幾的所得，可能因此降低工作意願，使得社會產生均貧的問題。

Generally speaking, an appropriate income distribution gap reflects a suitable relationship between individual contribution and industrial division of labor. If the gap is too big, implying that the fruits of economic development are concentrated in too few hands, it might result in social unrest. Conversely, if the gap is too small, implying that difference of labor expended in the labor market yields little difference of income, it might undermine people’s willingness to work. Therefore, the income distribution gap is an important point of reference in the government’s formulation of policy for national development and upgrading international competitiveness.
This paper employs decomposition analysis to study the structure and variation of inequality of family income distribution in Taiwan during the period 1994 to 2005. The main findings are as follows: (1) as measured by either the Gini coefficient or the Oshima index, the income factor responsible for the highest proportion of family income inequality is the wage, followed by property income and business income; other income is the lowest factor; (2) as to the variation of family income inequality, changes in the shares of various factor incomes lower the Gini coefficient and Oshima index; however, this effect is not large enough to offset the rise in inequality of the income factor itself, resulting in a deterioration of family income distribution.