防疫之倫理觀察：以德國倫理委員會建議書為中心

Ethical Observations on Epidemic Prevention: Focusing on the Recommendation of the German Ethics Committee

為減緩新冠肺炎之衝擊，國家必須採取措施，從封鎖、強制社會距離、限制自由與權利，到健康醫療資源的分配與抑制。德國倫理委員會於2020 年3 月提出建議，從倫理角度檢視，主張運用科學，責任在於社會；醫療應從專注於個人生命與福祉，擴展到鞏固公共醫療體系；攸關生命取捨時，應本於有理由的、透明的、一致的標準來決定；保護人民生命，並非絕對，不能認其他自由權、參與權等，只能退讓；普遍的生命風險，必須為人們理解與接受；當利益與負擔得公平分擔時，人們才可能本於團結而忍受嚴厲管制；任何問題，均涉及整體社會，痛苦的決定，應來自於人民所委託授權、且負起政治責任之憲法機關，瘟疫危機，實乃具正當性之政治的決定時刻。

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a contemporary global plague, has In order to slow down the impact of the Covid-19, the country must take measures, ranging from blockade, so-called lockdown, mandatory social distance, restriction of freedom, to the allocation and suppression of health and medical resources. The German Ethics Committee put forward a proposal in March 2020. From an ethical perspective, it advocates the application of science, and the responsibility lies with society; medical care should expand from focusing on personal life and well-being to consolidating the public medical system; Reasonable, transparent, and consistent standards are the grounds to face the difficulties about lives/choice; the protection of people's lives is not absolute, and other rights to freedom, participation, etc. cannot be recognized, and can only be conceded; common life risks must be understood and accepted by people; When the benefits and burdens are fairly shared, people are likely to endure strict regulations out of solidarity; any problem involves the whole society, and painful decisions should come from constitutional organs that are entrusted by the people with their political responsibilities. The pandemic crisis, is a decisive moment for legitimate politics.