全球化與世界主義──新冠疫情下對康德世界主義的反思

Globalization and Cosmopolitanism—Reflections on Kant's Cosmopolitanism under the COVID-19 Pandemic

2019 年底發生並形成全球大流行的新冠肺炎，絕對會是二十一世紀人類歷史上的一重大事件。它凸顯了人類在面對全球性公共衛生危機時所呈現出的不公平，以及全球公共衛生治理機制失靈的問題。事實上，全球化不僅是市場的一體化，更意謂著全球公民社會的應該出現。沒有了這樣全球管理的機制，我們如何處理全球化下全球暖化、空氣污染、恐怖主義的挑戰呢？同樣的道理，面對新冠疫情所帶來的危機，我們需要的是一個有關全球公共衛生的管理機制，而這樣一種全球管理機制的背後，其實意含著一種世界主義的要求。本文試圖透過康德的世界主義觀點，來對此次新冠疫情以及全球化所凸顯的全球治理問題進行反思，並提供一個可能的思考與追求方向。

The Coronavirus disease (Covid-19), which emerged at the end of 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic, will definitely stand as a major event in human history in the 21st century. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the unfairness of human beings in the face of global public health crises, as well as the failure of global public health governance mechanisms. In fact, globalization is not only the integration of markets, but also the emergence of a global civil society. Without such a global management mechanism, how can we deal with the challenges of global warming, air pollution, and terrorism under globalization? By the same token, in the face of the crises brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, what we also need is a management mechanism related to global public health, and such a global management mechanism actually implies cosmopolitan requirements. This article attempts to reflect on the global governance issues highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic and globalization through Kant's cosmopolitan viewpoint, and to provide a possible direction of thinking and pursuit.