論英國刑事監護執行制度與借鏡

On the Implementation System of UK Criminal Custody and Protection and its Reference

我國刑事監護制度於2022 年至2023 年之際，進行大幅度的改革與修法， 主要目的在於因應日漸增加且嚴重化的精神障礙患者觸犯刑事犯罪之狀況，修改後的相關法制，使我國刑事監護制度邁向無限期收容以及多元處遇的政策方向。雖然相關配套法規（包含刑法、刑事訴訟法以及保安處分執行法）乃立基於社會保安需求並顧及精神障礙患者權益而修法，但「監護」事涉精神衛生醫療、心理輔導、社會工作以及復歸更生等其他專業層面，這些層面非單靠刑事司法體系一己之力所得掌握，更非修正刑事司法相關法規即可解決眼前精神障礙患者犯罪與處遇問題。
基於術業有專攻之考量，本文認為不宜將與精神障礙患者之處遇規劃相關決策保留在刑事司法體系當中，而應將不同專業整合進入刑事司法體系的運作，使醫療、司法、社區及更生等領域之間建立起良好的合作關係，才能打造一面真正的社會安全網，英國刑事監護制度便是如此。儘管英國刑事監護政策需耗費不少資源，英國當局反而更加力排社會對於精神障礙犯罪人處遇政策之非議，並投入一定的能量支撐刑事監護政策的執行。因此，本文期能透過介紹英國在刑事監護政策之狀況，替我國刑事監護政策未來可能的發展帶來不同的思考方向。

At the beginning of 2022, Taiwan’s criminal custody and protection system has undergone substantial reforms and revisions. The main purpose is to respond to the increasing number of people with mental disorders who commit criminal offences. The revised legal system has made Taiwan’s criminal custody and protection system infinite. The new policy brings such as long-term detention and multiple treatment direction , although this year’s amendments to the law (including the Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law, and Security Punishment Execution Law) are based on the needs of social security and take into account the rights and interests of mental disorder patients, but the “custody and protection” issue involves mental health care, social work, rehabilitation and other professional aspects as well, these aspects cannot be solved by the criminal justice system alone, nor by the revision of relevant criminal justice laws and regulations to solve the problems of crimes and treatment of mental disorder patients.
Considering the specialization of the profession, it is not appropriate to keep the decision-making related to the planning of the treatment of the mentally ill in the criminal justice system, but to integrate different professions into the operation of the criminal justice system. A good social safety net can only be built by establishing a good cooperative relationship between different fields, the UK Criminal Custody and Protection is just like above mentioned. Although such policy requires a lot of resources, the UK authorities have made more efforts to prevent society criticize from treating and curing offender with mental disorders. When the policy is criticized, they still continue to invest a certain amount of energy to support the implementation of the criminal custody and protection policy.
Therefore, this article will explore the UK criminal custody and protection policy which has a completely different development direction from that of Taiwan, and its implementation status and policy direction as the main axis. It is hoped that by introducing the reflection, planning and implementation thinking of the UK criminal custody and protection policy, it can help the future of Taiwan criminal custody and protection policy possible developments bring different directions of thinking.