西周初以「殷」、「衣」代國號「商」研究

Research of using Yin and Yi istead of Shang in early Western Zhou Dynasty

「殷」與「商」兩字在作為國號時，使用方式不同，在甲骨卜辭中可得商人稱己為「商」，但降至周代，周人稱商人為「商」、為「殷」，且另有音近的「衣」。進一步觀察金文中「殷」與「商」兩國號的使用，西周中期以後皆不見以「商」稱「商朝」，則多以「殷」取代之。
要了解此種現象的產生，首先必須先釐清「商」、「殷」、「衣」諸字在甲骨卜辭中的使用情況，再明白商代諸字使用的梗概，及其所代表的意涵；其次，從文獻的記載以及金文資料，了解周人對待殷遺民的策略，如此可以解釋西周初年周人稱「商朝」為「殷」之因並非郭沫若所云是敵愾。

Yin and Shang, the names of the country, were used differently in Oracle—bone scriptures. Shang people called themselves Shang, but in Zhou Dynasty, Zhou people called Shang people Shang, or Yin, or even Yi. That is to say, Yin and Shang were widely used, but after the Middle West Zhou, people used Yin instead of Zhou . In order to understand this phenomenon, firstly, we have to clarify the condition of using these three words Shang , Yin, and Yi, especially their syntax and semantics. Then, from the documentary record and revealed materials, we could grasp the strategy and attitude of Zhou people in early Western Zhou . From this view point, Shang Dynasty was called Yin is just not what KUO MUO ZUO`s assertion—sense of hostility.