探問革命年代：杜贊奇中國研究的知識脈絡

Tracing the Age of Revolution: The context of Prasenjit Duara’s Study of China

本文旨在梳理杜贊奇對中國革命年代的研究歷程。本文的研究依循兩條途徑：其一是從社會背景和學界環境兩個層面出發，觀察中國革命風潮的擴散對印度、美國造成的影響，從而闡明形塑杜贊奇中國研究知識脈絡的外部因素。其二是從杜贊奇一直沿用的國家－社會理論框架出發，將杜贊奇的研究放置在該理論發展的脈絡裡加以檢視，據此指出杜贊奇對國家－社會關係理論的理解與發展。本文首先敘述了身在印度的他如何受到中國革命風潮的感召進入了中國學研究領域，並對藉由國家中心的觀點對中共革命推動社會轉型做出了積極評價；其次，本文將觀察受中國革命風影響的美國學界，檢視學術風潮如何激發了杜贊奇研究議程的發展，促使他進一步描摹中國革命年代相互滲透、鑲嵌的國家－社會結構；最後，本文探討中國在告別革命之後繼起的民族主義浪潮如何刺激了美國學術界的典範轉移，並推動了杜贊奇學術研究的轉向。這進一步深化了他對中國社會結構的理解，讓他發掘出民族主義對中國革命重構國家－社會結構的意義。

This article aims to explore Duara's research on the Chinese revolution period. This research follows two approaches: the first is to observe the impact of the spread of the Chinese revolution on India and the United States from the two levels of social background and academic environment to clarify the external factors that shape the intellectual context of Duara's China Studies. The second is to start from the state-society theoretical framework that Duara has always used, to examine Duara's research in the context of the theory, and to point out Duara's understanding and development of the state-society relations theory. This article first describes how he was inspired by the Chinese revolution to enter the field of China studies and made a positive evaluation of the CCP's revolution to promote social transformation through the state-centred perspective; secondly, this article will observe the impact of the Chinese revolution on the American academic circle, which refers to examine how the academic trend stimulated the development of Duara's research agenda and prompted him to describe the mutually embedded structure of state-society. Finally, this article discusses how the wave of nationalism stimulated a paradigm shift in American academia and drove a turn in Duara's scholarship. This new turn deepened his understanding of the Chinese social structure furtherly. It allowed him to discover the significance of nationalism in the reconstruction of state-society relations during the Chinese revolution.