魚塭管理強度影響冬季鳥類群聚

Management intensity of aquaculture ponds and its effects on bird assemblage during winter

魚塭經營管理強度可能影響棲息的鳥類群聚。台灣黑面琵鷺保育學會於2004-2017年在台南七股地區進行長期鳥類調查；其中的魚塭樣區於2009年之前為低度維護管理狀態，2010年之後則為文蛤養殖池。本研究分析該魚塭樣區十一月至翌年二月冬季鳥類資料，以了解不同魚塭管理強度對冬季鳥類群聚結構的影響。結果發現從低度維護管理魚塭轉變為高強度管理的文蛤養殖池後，鳥種數從平均21種減少為12種，總個體數從平均688隻，驟減為102隻；而游禽數量從平均463隻遽減為5隻，減幅達99%；涉禽數量則從平均193隻減少為81隻，減幅約58%。文蛤養殖池約3年曬池1次，研究樣區沒有因為曬池形成淺水泥灘而顯著增加涉禽數量。研究結果發現低度維護管理魚塭的鳥種多樣性非常高，應盡力保存。認為魚塭恢復水產養殖後，曬池作業可以增加涉禽的可利用棲地，則是不切實際的想法。

Management intensity of aquaculture ponds may affect bird communities distributed in the ponds. The Taiwan Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation Association conducted a long-term bird survey project in Qigu, Tainan, Taiwan, from 2004 to 2017, with one of the sample areas being an aquaculture pond. The aquaculture pond underwent low management intensity until 2009, and was used for clam rearing after 2010. This study analyzed the survey data collected from the pond from November to February of the following year during the project timeframe to understand how different management intensities of the aquaculture pond influence bird assemblage in winter. It was found that the number of bird species decreased from an average of 21 to 12, and the total number of individuals decreased from an average of 688 to 102, while the number of waterfowl individuals decreased from an average of 463 to five, amounting to a decrease of 99%, and the number of wader individuals decreased from an average of 193 to 81, amounting to a decrease of 58%. Aquaculture ponds drained after harvesting can be used by waders. However, in this study, the clam pond was drained approximately once every three years, therefore there was no significant increase in wader abundance in the study area. The results of this study revealed that bird assemblage in an aquaculture pond with low management intensity can be relatively diverse, and this condition should be preserved as much as possible. It is unrealistic to expect that the resumption of aquaculture in ponds and the basking operation will increase available habitats for waders.