醫療院所工作者感染新冠病毒的風險和感染後的臨床表現

The Risk of Healthcare Workers Contracting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and the Clinical Manifestations

本研究以問卷方式，總共收集419份問卷，對於新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)，調查醫療工作人員感染者和未感染者的差異。其中，新冠病毒感染確診者有262人(62.5%)。護理師確診比例明顯較其他職系高，尤其需輪班直接接觸照顧病人者。絕大部分(97.6%)的人都至少打了3劑，打第4劑和第5劑能降低確診的風險。近8成(78.1%)的感染是發生在疫苗施打未滿2星期或是超過3個月之後。將近一半的確診者認為是在職場（醫院內）得到感染，病人和環境為最可能的直接原因，同事間的傳染也很有可能。最常見的臨床表現是上呼吸道感染症狀，三分之二感染者有發燒，大部分時間在4天內，而且僅需口服藥物症狀治療，住院只佔極少部分。戴口罩、洗手、接種疫苗、保持安全距離是大家認同最重要減少感染的方法。受訪者認為工作環境受汙染是導致醫療人員感染的最大風險。

In this study, 419 healthcare workers answered a questionnaire survey aimed at investigating the differences between medical staff uninfected and infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among them, 262 (62.5%) were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nurses, especially those who worked in direct contact with and cared for patients in rotating shifts, had a significantly higher infection rate than those in other professions. The vast majority (97.6%) of participants received at least three doses of the vaccine, and receiving the 4th and 5th doses reduced the risk of infection. Almost 80 percent (78.1%) of the infections occurred within 2 weeks or more than 3 months after vaccine administration. Approximately half of those with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection believed that they were infected in the workplace (within the hospital), with patients and the environment being the most likely direct causes. Transmission between colleagues was also highly possible. The most common clinical manifestation was upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, with two-thirds of the infected individuals having a fever that lasted for 4 days or less, requiring only symptomatic treatment with oral medication. Only a small proportion of patients required hospitalization. Wearing masks, regular hand washing, vaccination, and social distancing were the most important ways to reduce the risk of infection. The respondents believed that work environment contamination was the greatest risk factor for healthcare worker infections.