忠節理想與自我超脫：嵇永仁《雙報應》與獄中唱和群體

Ideals of loyalty, Filial Piety, Chastity, Righteousness and Self-Excessiveness: Ji Yongren's ''Double Retribution'' and Mutual Supportive Groups in Prison

清初文人嵇永仁遊歷幕府，擔任幕僚為生，以康熙十三年，嵇永仁與幕主范承謨等人同遭靖南王耿精忠囚禁為界，嵇永仁現存三部戲曲《揚州夢》、《續離騷》、《雙報應》，入獄前所作《揚州夢》抒發科舉不第，生活漂泊之嘆。獄中兩部戲作《續離騷》、《雙報應》，以「歌哭笑罵」情緒指責世態，對戰亂帶來之人心變異有感而發。《雙報應》是嵇永仁根據獄友林可棟所言地方傳聞為基礎，結合陰陽果報思想，為其生命終點前有意創作的長篇傳奇。本劇情節描述福建建寧城隍神揭重熙，與知府孫裔昌審斷寒士錢可貴典妻失銀、衛輕雲與王文用等人偷情毒殺之公案。以善惡人物作為對比，善人終獲上天良善照護，惡人遭罰喪命成鬼，充滿陰陽報應氛圍。嵇永仁並非迷信之人，是透過鬼神立說，指責三藩亂中見利忘義背棄之徒，反襯獄友范承謨等人具備忠孝節義節操，不離舊主而堅守道德，終能獲致上天護佑。縱使監獄環境險惡，眾人義舉與不屈精神，能突破重重桎梏，為外人所見。嵇永仁一生以幕客為業，《揚州夢》時期之理想，是渴望個人才華受到肯定，擁有科舉中式契機，轉入《雙報應》則成為無畏監獄困頓、看破死生，堅持「士為知己者」理想之義士。《雙報應》亦有嵇永仁體貼家中妻兒之用意，期許戲作得以「留予寒家子弟看」，以喻其堅貞苦心，更是嵇永仁與獄中知己群體相互勉勵氣節之具體見證。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the literati Ji Yongren traveled to the Commanding Officer, mainly occupied as an aide assistant, and died in prison during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. His masterpieces of three dramas that are handed down are ''Yangzhou Dream'', ''Continued Lisao'' and ''Double Retribution'': ''Yangzhou Dream'' was made before imprisonment which expresses the failure for the imperial examinations and sighs for his life. The rest two, ''Continuation of Lisao'' and ''Double Retribution'', were produced in prison that accused the state of the world by the emotionally ''chanting, crying, ridiculing and scolding,'' meanwhile, felt the changes of the human heart caused by the war and chaos.
''Double Retribution'' combines the thoughts of Yin-Yang and Karma, and deliberately created a long story before the end of the characters' lives. By contrasting good with evil characters, good ones are finally taken care of by the god and the evel ones, however, drop dead and become devils, which encompasses the entire drama with Ying-Yang and Karma atmosphere.
Ji Yongren was not a superstitious person. He used the metaphor of devils and gods to accuse the betrayals of those who had forgotten the righteousness in the chaos, in order to contrasted with the inmates with loyalty, filial piety, chastity, and righteousness by stayed with their lords with morality.
''Double Retributions'' has Ji Yongren's intention to be considerate of his wife and children, and hopes that the play will be spread to show his steadfastness and hard works. It is also a testimony of mutual encouragement between Ji Yongren and the confidant group in prison.