宋代的法術傳統：以王文卿及「玉樞五雷法」為中心

The Ritual Tradition during the Sung: A Study on Wang Wenqin and The Five Thunders Ritual of Jade Pivot

本文從「法術」的視角，來理解宋元的道教與法術傳統，從不同角度切入，透過筆記、傳記、經典等三種不同的文本類型，交錯討論「法師傳統」。首先從《夷堅志》去探討宋元法師傳統的根源與特質，以及「法師」所指涉的內涵。其次以王文卿為例，探討後期的傳記如何將王文卿塑造為一位神霄派的祖師。本文以《沖虛通妙侍宸王先生家話》、元代虞集所寫的〈靈惠冲虛通妙真君王侍宸記〉、《歷世真仙體道通鑑》〈王文卿〉以及張宇初的〈妙靈觀記〉為基礎材料，這些材料大體是在元明之際形成的，而這個時期正是王文卿歷史地位確立的階段。最後，本文嘗試從眾多法術資料當中去推斷王文卿所使用的法術內涵，並認為「玉樞五雷大法」為王文卿所使用的法術，透過該法術的文本與相關的理論及敘述來了解王文卿法術之內涵，透過這三個角的分析，本文對學界過去所認知的王文卿，提出創新的觀點。

From the perspective of“Fa Ritual”, this article explores the Daoism and Ritual traditions during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. From different angles, through three different text types, such as historical records, biographies, and ritual manuscripts, the author discusses“tradition of Fa Ritual.”First of all, from Yijian Zhizhi to explore the origins and characteristics of the Song and Yuan Fa traditions, as well as the connotation of the“Ritual Master”. Secondly, taking Wang Wenqing as an example, it discusses how the later biographies portray Wang Wenqing as a patriarch of the Shenxiao School. This article is based on ''Chongxu Tongmiao Master Wang's Family Talk'', ''The Perfect Lord of Linghui Chongxu Tongmiao Wang Shichen Ji'' written by Yu Ji in the Yuan Dynasty, Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian on ''Wang Wenqing'' and Zhang Yuchu’s ''Miao Ling Guan Ji'' as the basic materials. These materials were generally formed during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and this period was the stage when Wang Wenqing's historical status was established. Finally, this paper attempts to infer the connotation of the ritual materials used by Wang Wenqing from the numerous ritual manuscripts, and speculates that the ''Five Thunders of the Jade Pivot'' is the authentic material by Wang Wenqing. Through the text of the ritual and related theories and descriptions, we can understand the meaning of Wang Wenqing's method of ritual. Through the analysis of these three angles, this paper puts forward an innovative point of view on Wang Wenqing, who has been known in the academic circles in the past.