高溫水溶解之抑菌包裝薄膜的材料開發與檢測

Development and Testing of Water Soluble Films for Food Packaging Pastics

由於多數塑膠至少需要花費百年以上才能完全分解，造成環境汙染，如今環保意識受到了重視，因此為了為環保問題提供上一份心力，本文研發出可水溶解的環保塑膠袋。由於本文是要做出的活性薄膜（active film）要為抑菌包裝所用，材料皆必須從天然提取出來的，必須要對環保和人體安全為著想，材料分別為聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcoholguar gum, PVA）、瓜爾豆膠（guar gum, GG）、殼聚醣（chitosan, CS）、檸檬酸（citric acid, CA），透過這些材料做出製作第一代（1st PVA）及第二代（2nd PVA）的活性薄膜，將每代調配三種不同比例的CS/PVA分別為(1：3)、(1：1)、(3：1)，其2nd PVA的配方之重量比1st PVA增加兩倍。在拉伸試驗主要檢測1st PVA及2nd PVA的活性薄膜之平均彈性係數均是CS/PVA配方比例(3:1)最大，分別為216 MPa及388 MPa，且在2nd PVA的CS/PVA配方比例(1:1)的活性薄膜用OM（optical microscope, OM）觀察，可看出最多氣孔，因為氣孔越多，代表容易就會破掉。通過2nd PVA-1（2nd PVA配方比例(1:3)）水溶解的溶解度為100%、溶解率為2.3 mg/min；透過抑菌檢測來看2nd PVA-1的抑菌效果是最好及最具有親水性。通過本文所研究的成果，2nd PVA-1為最佳配方，可作為抑菌包裝的材料，減少環境汙染問題。

Since most plastics take at least a hundred years to completely decompose and cause environmental pollution, environmental awareness has been emphasized to a large extent. In order to contribute to environmental protection issues, this paper therefore addresses an experiment which develops a water-soluble environment-friendly plastic bag. Since the active film to be made in this experiment is to be used for antibacterial packaging, the materials must be extracted from nature, and the environmental protection and human safety must be considered. As said, the materials are polyvinyl alcohol-powder（PVA）guar gum-powder（GG）, chitosan-liquid（CS）, citric acid-powder（CA）, and active films are made from these materials. Subsequently, three different ratios are prepared, which are formulated by CS/PVA , respectively named PVA-1(1:3), PVA-2(1:1), PVA-3(3:1). The active films in this experiment are produced in the first generation and the second generation, and the difference is that the proportion of the second generation is twice that of the first generation. The solubility of PVA-1 dissolved in water is 100%, and the dissolution rate is 2.3mg/min; the average elastic coefficient of the first and second generation PVA-3 in the tensile test is the largest, respectively 216MPa and 388MPa. According to the test, the antibacterial effect of PVA-1 is the best; the water contact angle of PVA-1 is the most hydrophilic; the observation of OM×100 of PVA-2 shows the most pores. Based on the research results of this experiment, the second-generation PVA-1 and PVA-3 are the best formulas, which can be used as a reference for the packaging of beneficial bacteria and can solve the current environmental pollution problems.