魏晉儒道關係重探：以王弼、郭象聖人觀為論述核心

Revisit the Relationship between Confucianism and Taoism in Wei-Jin Metaphysics - Based on Wang Bi and Guo Xiang’s View of Sages

前人研究多以「儒道會通」為魏晉玄學主要課題，本文藉著分析魏晉玄學代表人物──王弼、郭象的聖人觀，重新探討魏晉儒道關係。通過文本分析整理後學研究、反思當代詮釋，嘗試除了在「自然與名教」一途檢視魏晉儒道關係外，擬另闢蹊徑從聖人觀的角度切入反思魏晉儒道關係，探討以「儒道會通」論魏晉玄學的懸疑性。 全文討論方向有三，一為綜合討論魏晉儒道關係，重探王弼、郭象對儒家的定位；二為透過詮釋王弼、郭象討論聖人的內容，了解二人所論的聖人之道、修養工夫以及由此而呈現的理想境界，揭示二人理論中的聖人內涵，辨清儒道義理分際。三則指出魏晉玄學家以寄言出意的方式詮釋道家思想內容，並反思討論儒道會通的時代意義。

Previous studies on Wei-Jin metaphysics were mostly based on the theory of reconciling Confucianism and Taoism. This paper will revisit the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism by analysing the representatives of Wei-Jin metaphysics - Wang Bi and Guo Xiang’s view of sages. Contemporary interpretation of the two isms is expected to be re-examined in this paper by analysing original texts and research studies on related topics. This paper also attempts to review the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism from the perspective of Scholasticism and Nature, and also from the views of sages, so as to discuss the suspense of studying Wei-Jin metaphysics based on the theory of reconciling Confucianism and Taoism. Three major directions will be employed in the discussion of this paper, they include: 1. to re-discuss the way how Wang Bi and Guo Xiang position Confucianism in the relationship between itself and Taoism 2. by interpreting Wang Bi and Guo Xiang’s works on sages to understand their theory regarding sages, self-cultivation, and the social ideal state achieved by self-cultivation; in this way to clarify the distinction between the ideology of Confucianism and Taoism, which will further affirm the two metaphysicians’ argumentation on the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism 3. to analyse the way how Wei-Jin metaphysicians interpret the ideology of Taoism by the method of “expressing feeling by literary language”, so as to re-evaluate the significance of reconciling Confucianism and Taoism in times