羅山高店曾子季卷臣器組及曾季氏析論

Analysis and Discussion of the Bronze Vessels Set of the Zeng Noble, Ji Juanchen, Excavated from Gaodian of Luoshan

河南羅山高店出土的曾子季卷臣器組，既晚於棗陽郭家廟M1、信陽平橋M1和M2，亦晚於新野小西關、光山黃君孟夫婦墓G2諸墓隨葬的青銅器，又早於淅川下寺M7、M8以及京山蘇家壟M85等墓的器物，與黃君孟夫婦墓G1所見的同類器相近又略晚，而與枝江百里洲器組差相同時，屬於春秋中期的前段，下葬時間約在西元前六四○年左右或稍後。該器組不管是從器類組合還是器物形制，均體現出春秋早期末年至中期前段中原文化的基本特徵，這與季卷臣作為曾國公族成員的身分是相一致的。結合《左傳》所載和湖北隨州、河南羅山等地的考古材料，在春秋時期的曾國公族中存在一支季氏家族，屬於曾穆侯季子的西宮後人，約起源於春秋初年或更早，季梁、季卷臣、季怡等當是該家族在不同歷史時期的代表人物。

The bronze vessels set of the Zeng noble, Ji Juanchen, excavated from Gaodian of Luoshan, Henan province, is dated as later than the bronze vessels of tomb M1 in Guojiamiao cemetery of Zaoyang, tombs M1 and M2 of Pingqiao, Xinyang, bronze wares from Xiaoxiguan cemetery of Xinye, as well as those from tomb G2 of Huang State ruler and his wife in Guangshan. However, its date is presumed earlier than the bronze vessels from M7 and M8 of Xiasi cemetery in Xichuan, and M85 of Sujialong cemetery in Jingshan. It is slightly later but very close to the date of bronze wares from tomb G1 of the Huang State ruler and his wife, and is of the same time as the bronze vessels set from Bailizhou cemetery of Zhijiang, which was dated to be from the early phase of the mid Spring and Autumn Period, around 640 BCE or slightly later. Both the typology of the vessels’ combination and the forms of the vessels reflect the basic cultural characteristics of central plain culture during the late phase of the early Spring and Autumn Period to the early phase of mid Spring and Autumn Period, which is in accord with the identity of their owner, Ji Juanchen, as a noble member of the Zeng State. According to the historical records in the Zuozhuan, along with the archaeological materials excavated from Suizhou of Hubei, and Luoshan of Henan, there was a Ji family existing in the royal clan of Zeng State during the Spring and Autumn Period. This family was descended from Xigong, the younger son of Lord Mu of Zeng State, also known as Jizi. The family originated from at least the early Spring and Autumn Period or even earlier than that, with representative figures such as Ji Liang, Ji Juanchen, and Ji Yi from different times.