復器、復國與楚復縣考析

Fu Bronzes, the Fu State, and the Fu County of the Chu State

復，為文獻失載的一個周代古國，據傳世銅器銘文，復國為媿姓，應是北方戎狄的一支南下所建，其地望即今河南桐柏縣西境的漢復陽侯國所在。西周晚期，復國曾與嫚姓的鄧國聯姻；春秋早中期，仍與他族通婚交往。據簡牘資料記載，楚國在戰國早中期皆置有復縣，當是在兼併復國後因其故地而設，說明復國被納入楚境約在春秋晚期前後。兩漢復陽侯國當沿古復國、楚復縣而來。

The ancient Zhou dynasty state of Fu 復 is not recorded in historical documents. According to bronze inscriptions, however, it is known that the state had a clan name of Gui 媿, and was established by a southern branch of the northern nomadic Rong-Di 戎狄 peoples, and located in what would become the Fuyang 復陽 Marquisate of the Han dynasty, in the western area of present-day Tongbai County, Henan Province. In the late Western Zhou, the Fu state had marital ties to the state of Deng, which had a clan name of Man 嫚, and until the middle Spring and Autumn period, still maintained a relationship with other clans through marriage. According to bamboo slips, Fu County existed in the state of Chu during the early and middle Warring States, and was probably established in the place of the former Fu state after it was annexed into Chu's territory in the late Spring and Autumn period.