一九三六年史語所大司空村第二次發掘的殷代遺存與東周時期墓葬

Dasikong Contextualized: Reinterpreting Finds from the 1936 IHP Excavation at the Village of Dasikong, An yang

中央研究院歷史語言研究所一九三○年代安陽發掘期間，曾在大司空村附近進行了兩次工作。第一次是一九三五年，發掘地點在大司空村東及村南，由梁思永、劉燿主持。第二次是一九三六年，地點在大司空村以南，由高去尋先生主持。其中第二次發掘的發掘報告已由高去尋完成大部，但因種種因素，至二○○八年方得付梓。高去尋大司空村第二次發掘報告初稿中，已將當時考古出土現象及遺物做了詳盡的討論，也針對年代、意義提出初步結論。但因發掘報告初稿完成時間較早，未能參照中國社會科學院考古研究所一九五○年代以後殷墟發掘的考古材料，是以對斷代及部分考古資料的認識不免有所不足。本文嘗試結合史語所與社科院考古所的工作成果，對史語所大司空村第二次發掘考古資料提供更進一步的詮釋。除了根據新的出土考古資料，對殷代及東周墓葬做了重新分期外，本文另著重討論了大司空村第二次發掘出土的鑄銅及製骨等手工業遺留。

The 1936 excavation at the village of Dasikong by the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica (hereafter IHP), was conducted under the direction of Kao Ch'ü-hsün during the 14th season of the IHP Anyang campaign. The excavation covered an area of 1100 m2 and yielded 30 trash pits and 94 burials, mostly from the Shang and Eastern Zhou periods. Other important finds were bronze foundry remains and waste, as well as processed raw materials from bone and antler working of the Shang period. The nearly completed manuscript of the Dasikong site report was found only after Kao's passing in 1991, and eventually published in 2008. Due to the early date at which the manuscript was written, the more recent archaeological data uncovered at Anyang by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (hereafter IA) were not included in the original report. This paper attempts to place finds from the 1936 IHP excavation within the context of the current state of research in Anyang archaeology. It begins with a review of the Anyang pottery chronology and summarizes excavations in the vicinity of the Dasikong village conducted by IA. It shows that IHP's excavation at Dasikong is in the vicinity of a large Shang period bone workshop excavated by IA in the 1950s and 1960s, and the scattered debris for bone and antler working is probably from the fringe of the bone workshop. On the other hand, despite the fact that only a small number of foundry remains were found during the IHP excavation, there are no parallel finds of bronze casting activities in the various IA soundings. A recent comprehensive study of Eastern Zhou burials with pottery furnishings in the Central Plains region also provides the spatial-temporal framework for fine-tuning the dates of the Eastern Zhou burials excavated by Kao.