福建庄邊山上層類型彩陶的源流及其與湖南地區的關係

The Origin of ''Zhuangbianshan Upper Stratum Type'' in Fujian and its Relationship with Southern Zhejiang

本文為了探討福建庄邊山上層類型的彩陶及大量著黑陶的起源問題，針對這個時期的文化遺留進行縱時限和同時限的比較研究。在縱時限方面，進行這個時期與當地較早的曇石山文化，和繼庄邊山上層類型而興起的黃土侖類型之陶器比較；在同時限方面，則進行庄邊山上層類型與新南地區的陶器比較。透過不同層面的交叉檢討的結果，筆者初步認為包含彩陶在內的庄邊山上層類型的陶器組成，基本上可以在曇石山文化中找到類緣，換言之，庄邊山上層類型應為在曇石山文化的傳統上發展而成的考古文化。另外，由庄邊山上層類型彩陶的胎質（主要介於軟陶和硬陶之間），和彩陶、著黑陶所使用的黑色顏料可能為一種泥釉這些情形看來，均意味庄邊山上層類型的陶器處於從軟陶向原始瓷器發展過程中的重要過渡階段。而隨著製陶技術的高度發展和真正的釉之出現，庄邊山上層類型的彩陶和著黑陶也隨之消失不見或驟減。換言之，庄邊山上層類型的彩陶和著黑陶等的出現，與曇石山文化製陶技術的發展有相當大的關聯；而隨著製陶技術的高度發展，和以幾何形紋飾為表徵的考古文化之衰微，也導致庄邊山上層類型的彩陶和著黑陶等的消失。

This paper examines the origin of the enormous amount of painted potteries and potteries with black slip of ''Zhuangbianshan upper stratum type'' in Fujian by conducting diachronic and synchronic comparative studies of the cultural remains of this particular period. Diachronically, comparisons are made between potteries of this period and those of the Tanshishan Culture, and those of the Huangtulun Culture type, which prospered after the ''Zhuanbianshan upper stratum type.'' Synchronically, potteries of the ''Zhuangbianshan upper stratum type'' and those of southern Zhejiang have been compared. The author's preliminary thought is that, through thorough examinations of different levels, the painted potteries of ''Zhuangbianshan upper stratum type'' were basically related to the Tanshishan Culture, hence an archaeological culture developed from the tradition of Tanshishan Culture. The use of the materials for painted potteries as well as the black pigment (perhaps a type of clay glaze) for painted potteries and potteries with slip indicated that it was an important period of transition from soft potteries to early porcelains appeared. As pottery techniques advanced and the real glaze emerged, painted potteries and potteries with black slip had disappeared.