《秦惠文王禱祠華山玉版》新探

A New Study of the Jade Prayer Plaques of Huashang Mountain by King Huei-wen of the Ch'in Dynasty

《秦惠文王禱祠華山玉版》為重要的先秦文物，作者自稱「有秦曾孫小子駰」與「余毓子」，其身分與時代待考。本文根據先秦文獻所見「曾孫」一詞的特殊用法與「毓子」、「元孫」所指稱，推測其為一代秦王。復據玉版所載祭祀對象有「五祀」，參照先秦文獻所見天子與諸侯的祀典，並比較玉版與《秦封宗邑瓦書》及《四年相邦戈》的文字體勢，確認玉版作者為孝公之子，獻公之孫，靈公之曾孫，即秦惠文王。最後指出，《史記‧秦本紀》司馬貞《索隱》載秦惠文王名「駟」，乃形近訛誤，當從玉版作「駰」。

The jade prayer plaques of Huashang Mountain by King Huei-wen are important relics from the early Ch'in. The author of the plaque calls himself ''The Great Grandson of the Ch'in, the humble Yin'' and ''I, the Scion of Nobility.'' First, I seek to identify the author's status and time period. This paper compares the special connotations of the term ''Great Grandson,'' to the terms ''Scion of Nobility'' and ''Eldest Grandchild,'' postulating that the author is a King of the Ch'in. Through a series of comparisons-the five rites mentioned in the plaques to the early Ch'in textual recording of Emperior's and Dukes' ritual ceremonies; the character styles of the inscriptions on the jade plaques both to the Ch'in tile inscriptions on giving land to a noble for the purpose of building ancestral temples and to the inscriptions on the ''prime minister's halberd of the fourth year''--, the author can be positively identified as the son of Duke Hsiao, the grandson of Duke Hsian, and the great grandson of the Duke Ling-in short, King Huei-wen of the Ch'in. Finally, Sima Chen's ''Glossary'' for the Shi Chi's ''Biography of Ch'in Beginnings'' records King Huei-wen's name as ''Si.'' However, the jade plaques show that in fact his name would be the similar ideogram, ''Yin.''