娶妻前，生子後？以家庭動態調查衡量婚姻對勞動市場表現的影響

MARRIAGE AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM THE PANEL STUDY OF FAMILY DYNAMICS

本文探討婚姻對台灣男性與女性勞動市場表現的影響，我們採用2005年至2016年間的「家庭動態調查」資料，利用其追蹤資料的特性,控制個體無法觀察到且不隨時間改變的特性。實證結果顯示，在控制個人固定效果、訪問年與年齡下，男性的勞動市場表現與婚姻狀態並無顯著關聯。然而，女性的工時與就業機率在婚後的確顯著地下降，此下降立即且持續。最後，婚姻對女性勞動參與的衝擊約七成是因為婚姻伴隨了子女的出現，而子女對男性的勞動市場表現並無顯著影響。

This paper investigates the effects of marriage on labor market outcomes in Taiwan. We use the“Panel Study of Family Dynamics”from 2005 to 2016, taking advantage of its longitudinal feature to control for unobserved individual characteristics that do not change over time. Our estimates show that when individual fixed effects, survey year, and age are controlled for, there is no significant association between men’s labor market outcomes and their marital status. However, women’s working hours and employment significantly decrease after marriage, and this decrease is immediate and sustained. Finally, about 70% of the impact of marriage on women’s labor participation is due to having children, while the presence of children has no significant effect on men's labor market outcomes.