從司法判決書分析家庭照顧者殺人的趨勢與成因

Analysis of the Tendency and Cause of Care Murder Tragedy from Taiwan Judicial Yuan Law and Regulations Retrieving System

本研究運用司法判決書分析家庭照顧者殺人案件發生的趨勢與成因。立基於內容分析法，自「司法院－法學資料檢索系統」篩選2009年至2018年與家庭照顧者殺人相關的20個案件進行分析。研究發現被告（即家庭照顧者）以男性為主（80%），照顧關係以子女照顧者為主（40%），其次為配偶照顧者（25%），家庭照顧者本身自殺未遂或有自殺意念者佔多數（70%）。研究發現當有家庭成員擔任「家庭照顧者」後，照顧安排便呈現「凍結」狀態，其他家庭成員很少因應照顧「動態」歷程提供協助，致使「恫震」事件發生；當成年子女照顧者照顧年邁父母的孝心，卻因蠟燭多頭燒的情境轉為「慈烏反撲」結局；老年配偶照顧者面臨自身衰老、經濟陷入困窘時，常走向「鶼鰈情殺」末路。依照顧壓力過程模式觀之，當壓力日積月累，且社會支持網絡薄弱時，往往致使照顧那本難唸的經「走鐘」。因此，政策如何從家庭照顧者視角建立社會支持網絡與求助管道，並培養家庭照顧者自覺與旁人請求支援的敏感度，顯然為下一階段的社會課題。

In this study, we utilized judicial judgments to explore the factors of caregiving tragedy, which means the killing of a care recipient by a caregiver. Twenty-one caregiving tragedy cases from 2009 to 2019 were selected from Taiwan Judicial Yuan-Law and Regulations Retrieving System, and content analysis was adopted to investigate these cases. The defendants were mainly male (19 cases, 76%), the care relationship was mainly adult child caregivers (8 cases, 38.1%), and spouse caregivers were supplemented (5 cases, 12.8%). It is worth noting that most caregivers had suicidal ideation (14 cases, 66.6%). Moreover, the results indicated that when the family caregiver role is out of the line, family care arrangements enter a“frozen”state, and other family members rarely provide assistance in response to the dynamic change of care needs, resulting in tragedy. When elderly spouses and caregivers face their aging and financial embarrassment, they often become homicidal. In addition, when the adult child caregivers take care of their elderly and disabled parents due to the perspective of filial piety, it often turns to the ending of homicide because of the multiple role conflict. According to the process model of caring stress, it seems the accumulated stress of the caregiver and the weak social support network at the time of the offense was responsible. Service providers and health professionals are encouraged to identify and support caregivers contemplating homicide, but to do so in a way that recognizes the broader social context of care burden.