原住民團結經濟的實踐與挑戰：以Ina廚房與社福組織的協作為例

The Practice and Challenges of Indigenous Solidarity Economy: The Cooperation of Ina Kitchen and Social Welfare Organizations

團結經濟是原住民族抵抗殖民的重要手段。然而，既有文獻較少從實務面討論台灣脈絡下，原住民團結經濟的實作與挑戰。團結經濟強調合作、平等、民主參與和友善環境的經濟活動，同時也對當前的處境有清楚的分析和願意用集體的經濟行動做出抵抗。團結經濟和社會服務的融合如何成為社福組織促進地方團結與組織培力的新方向？又要如何重新鑲嵌在她們各自的部落脈絡和政治經濟環境之中？本文藉由深度訪談、焦點團體、參與式觀察與次級資料分析等多重方法，分析善牧基金會與花蓮太巴塱部落Ina廚房的共同協作出發，討論一個中小型社福組織實際投入發展團結經濟的經驗。本文四點研究發現如下：首先，團結經濟能減少對資本和國家補貼的依賴，讓部落與社福組織更有自主性；其次原住民團結經濟有部落集體互助和文化傳承的特色；再者團結經濟帶來社會工作者新的助人想像與工作手法；最後，本文也發現，原住民族團結經濟的操作，內部民主和社區回饋是成功的關鍵。從善牧基金會和Ina廚房的協作中，可以看見原住民部落在反壓迫和抵抗殖民的過程，以及社福組織在面對國家政策變動與相關福利服務措施不穩定時，團結經濟及自主產業的基礎是重要的調節閥和行動籌碼。

Solidarity economy is an important means of indigenous peoples in resisting colonization. However, existing literature rarely discusses the practice of and challenges to the solidarity economy of indigenous peoples in the context of Taiwan. Solidarity economy emphasizes cooperation, equality, democratic participation, and environmentally friendly economic activities. Such economy clearly analyzes current situations and uses collective economic actions in resistance. How can the integration of solidarity economy and social services be the new direction for social welfare groups in promoting local unity and organizational empowerment? And how is such economy to be re-embedded within their respective tribal contexts and political-economic environments? Through multiple methods including in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and secondary data analysis, this study, with its analysis of the cooperation between the Good Shepherd Social Welfare Foundation and the Tafalong tribe’s Ina Kitchen in Hualien as the starting point, discusses the experience of a small and medium-sized social welfare organization that actually invests in the development of solidarity economy. The four findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, solidarity economy can reduce reliance on capital and state subsidies, allowing tribes and social welfare organizations to be more autonomous; secondly, solidarity economy of indigenous peoples partakes of the character of tribal collective mutual assistance and cultural inheritance; thirdly, solidarity economy brings new imagination and working methods of helping people to social workers. Finally, this study discovers that the keys to success for the operation of the solidarity economy of indigenous peoples are internal democracy and giving back to the community. The cooperation between the Good Shepherd Social Welfare Foundation and Ina Kitchen indicates that the foundations of solidarity economy and independent industries are important regulating valves when social welfare organizations face changes in state policies and uncertainty in related welfare services measures, as well as bargaining chips for action in the process of indigenous tribes’ fight against oppression and resistance against colonization.