老人社區關懷據點活動參與及自覺健康之現況調查

Survey on the Status of Participation in Community Care Centers and Self-Rated Health for the Elderly

目標：人口高齡化已為全球趨勢，增進高齡者活動、促進身心健康成為世界各國因應「在地老化」之策略之一。臺灣亦積極開發及強化社區照顧的能力，提供在地的初級預防照顧服務，期待老人透過社區活動的參與，促進健康狀況並活躍老化。因此，本研究目的旨在探討老人參與社區關懷據點活動的現況與其自覺健康的相關性。方法：採用橫斷式調查法，針對臺南市新市區社區關懷據點年滿65歲以上老人、表達能力清楚者進行問卷訪談，共取得有效樣本92人，以SPSS進行統計分析。結果：自覺健康狀況皆達水平之上。有工作及與配偶同住的老人，且持續參與據點活動的老人自覺「生理」健康顯著較佳，並利用多元迴歸分析結果顯示其中能持續參與據點活動的老人對自覺生理健康達顯著相關。結論：社區關懷據點為長者維持積極社會參與的重要場域，建議據點辦理的活動應持續不間斷，以建立老人從事健康促進的習慣，並提供完善的設備，讓社區老人平日有休閒的場所，強化獨居老人的主動關懷，可增加老人與他人互動、接觸的機會，其社會網絡的支持將有助於預防及延緩身心功能的衰退。

Objectives: Promoting activities and strengthening physical and mental health for elderly have became important strategies to cope with '' ageing in place '' all around the world due to the aging population. In Taiwan, we proactively develop strengthen the ability of community care and provide primary preventive care as well. We look forward to improving health conditions and active aging through the participation with the community activities. This study is to explore the correlation between status of elderly participation in community care centers and self-rated health. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted for the elderly who were over 65 and had an ability of clear expression in care centers of Sinshih district of Tainan City. Analysis was done on a total of 92 valid samples by SPSS statistics. Results: Participants are mostly females. Most of them lived with their spouses and children. 90% of the elders could continued using the community care centers without interruption. The self-rated health reached average level. The elderly working and living with their spouses and continuing to participate in the activities of the care centers have significant better on physical health, and using multiple regression analysis, it was indicated that the elderly continuing to participate in the activities of the care centers have significant correlation on physical health. Conclusions: The community care centers is an important place for elderly to maintain their social participation, I suggest that the activities of the care centers should be continued to establish the habit of health promotion, and comprehensive equipment and facilities can be added to provide a recreational space for the elderly in the community to make use of in their daily life, strengthening care for the elderly living alone so as to increase the opportunities for social interaction among the elderly, the social network support can help prevent and delay physical and mental functions decline.