參加「糖尿病支持團體」之第二型糖尿病患者自我照顧行為及相關因素

Self-Care Behaviors and Related Factors of Type II Diabetes Patients Participating in the Diabetes Peer Support Groups

近年來，鑑於糖尿病共照網對疾病控制的成效有限，且傳統的衛教不足以改變行為，故國民健康署積極推動「糖尿病支持團體」的成立。本研究旨在探討參加「糖尿病支持團體」之第二型糖尿病患者的自我照顧行為及相關因素。採橫斷式相關研究設計，以方便取樣臺灣中南部13家成立兩年以上的「社區型糖尿病支持團體」為研究群體，研究對象為加入支持團體至少半年以上的第二型糖尿病患者，有效樣本為144名。以結構式問卷：糖尿病支持團體功能、增能過程感受、自我效能、自我照顧行為等量表進行資料收集。結果顯示：一、糖尿病患者的自我照顧行為指標分數為74.7；二、自我照顧行為的重要預測因子，依序為「自我效能」、「支持團體功能」、「增能過程感受」、「職業」、「加入支持團體年數」，共可解釋64%變異量，其中「自我效能」可解釋48%變異量，為自我照顧行為最強的解釋因子。研究結果可作為糖尿病支持團體中專業人員/核心幹部未來可以繼續加強的部分，並做為健康政策推動的參考。

As the effectiveness of the diabetes shared care network has been very limited, and traditional health education is not enough for changing the behavior of domestic people, many diabetes support groups have been formed. This study, using a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design, explored the factors related to self-care behavior of type II diabetic patients in diabetes support groups. To make sampling more convenient, 13 groups that have been established for more than two years were selected from diabetes support groups located in central and southern Taiwan. The 144 participants were type II diabetic patients who have been a member for more than six months among 13 support groups. The instruments included diabetes support groups functions scale, Chinese version of the diabetes empowerment process scale, the Chinese version of diabetes management self-efficacy scale, and diabetes self-care scale. The main results were as follows: (1) The diabetic patients in the support groups had a self-care behavior index score of 74.7; (2) The main factors affecting the self-care behavior of type II diabetic patients in the support groups were“self-efficacy”,“functions of diabetes support group”,“perceptions of the empowerment process”,“occupation”, and“duration of participation in the support group”, all of which explained 64% variance. The variance explained by“self-efficacy”was 48%, making“self-efficacy”a dominant factor explaining the self-care behavior. The important predicting factor of self-care behavior of type II diabetic patients in diabetes support groups can be used as a foundation to improve the self-care behavior of diabetic patients and as a reference for professionals, leaders of support groups, and health policy makers.