臺灣地區中老年人宗教性與生活滿意度及憂鬱情緒之相關性研究

The Relationship of Religiosity toward Life Satisfaction and Depression among Elderly People in Taiwan

臺灣已進入高齡化社會，老年人相關的問題受到重視，本研究以壓力因應模式進行分析，探討中老年人在面對壓力時，是否能以宗教性做為緩衝，減少憂鬱情緒及提高其生活滿意度。本研究之目的有三項：一、瞭解中老年人宗教性與生活滿意度及憂鬱之情形。二、探討中老年人宗教性在緩衝壓力源對生活滿意度及憂鬱情緒的作用。三、討論中老年人心理健康之臨床實務運用的原則。本研究採橫斷式的研究設計，以「臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤」使用SPSS 22.0版套裝軟體進行分析，統計方法包括描述性統計、雙變項分析及階層迴歸分析。階層迴歸分析的結果顯示，在控制人口變項和壓力源與宗教性的主要作用之下，宗教性對於緩衝壓力源對生活滿意度的負向衝擊作用效果並不顯著，但是對於憂鬱情緒則具有緩衝作用；在主要作用的結果，顯示疼痛愈少，IADL障礙愈少，低宗教信賴度者其生活滿意度愈高；另一方面也顯示IADL及ADL障礙愈多、疼痛愈多、宗教信賴愈高，則憂鬱情緒也愈嚴重。

Taiwan has entered an aging society, and the problems related to the elderly have been taken seriously. This study is based on the stress-response model. In the face of stress on the elderly in the discussion, whether religiosity can be used as a buffer to reduce depression and improve their life satisfaction. The purposes of this study were to analyze the current states of religiosity, life satisfaction, and depressive mood in a nationally representative sample of the elderly people in Taiwan, and also to investigate the buffering effect of religiosity on alleviating the impacts of stressors on life satisfaction and depressive moods, as well as to draw the implications for practices from the results of this study. This research employed a cross-sectional design with secondary analyses using the data from Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA), including descriptive and bi-variance, and multi-variate hierarchical regression statistics through SPSS version 22.0. The results showed a positive effect on religiosity in buffering the stressors toward depressive moods but not in alleviating negative impact of life stressors on life satisfaction when demographic variables and main effects were controlled. The results also showed that life satisfaction was higher in cases with less physical pains, IADL difficulties, and lower religious trust while more severe depressive moods were found among those having who has more IADL and ADL difficulties, physical pains, and higher religious trust.