李峪出土銅器及其相關之問題

A Note on Kao Chu-hsun's ''Li-yü Bronzes and Related Topics''

中國學者研究中國青銅時代極具特色的青銅禮器，素有長久的傳統，但多集中在中國境內青銅器的轉變，對於境外的影響或關係則很少注意。本文利用一九二三年山西北部渾源縣李峪村出土的一批銅器，討論其性質，尤其針對西方學者提出的司克泰西伯利亞藝術（Scytho-Siberian Art）與中國文物的關係，加以解答。本文先確定所謂的李峪銅器，外國學者已著錄者計19件，留在中國而見諸報刊者19件，共38件，作為本文討論的基本資料。第二，分析這批青銅器的功能，作者駁斥西方學者當時流行的秦始皇祭祀恒山之說，而肯定是墓葬殉物，但不認為屬於趙武靈王之遺物。第三論述銅器形制和文飾的特徵，掌握這批青銅器的基本定位──與殷商西周截然不同，非春秋中葉以前之物。第四部分根據新鄭鄭墓和壽縣楚墓的出土物，推定李峪墓葬當在西元前四、五世紀之間，器物大抵也屬於這個時代。最後討論所謂司克泰和南西伯利亞等外來文化的問題，作者雖然不像西方有些學者過分強調李峪銅器出自司克泰西伯利亞藝術，不過他從銅器裝飾的繩紋（包括紉紋、糾紋和辮紋），承認中國銅器顯然受到歐亞草原上文物的影響。

Li-yü Bronzes and Related Topics (李峪出土銅器及其相關之問題) was the thesis written by my teacher Professor Kao Chu-hsun (高去尋) when he graduated from the Peking University in 1935. It was supposed to be published in 1938 when the university celebrated its fortieth anniversary. But by that time the Nationalist Government had retreated to the Southwest. Printing conditions were poor. And as this article did need to be illustrated with plates, it could not be published. More than sixty years have since elapsed and Professor Kao passed away almost eight years ago. I now reorganize and publish the manuscript he left behind, partially because of my personal feelings for my teacher, but mainly because of its academic value. His arguments are still a valuable reference for modem-day scholars. The most important monograph on the Li-yü bronzes has so far been The Studies of Warring States Style Bronzes (戰國式銅器の研究) by Sueji Umehara. This book was published one year after Professor Kao's article was written. However, the academic world recognizes only Sueji Umehara's article and not Kao Chu-hsun's unpublished article.