殷虛地上建築復原第八例兼論乙十一後期及其有關基址與YH251、330的卜辭

The Eighth Example of the Reconstruction of the Ground Building of the Yin Dynasty Site at An-yang: Including A Discussion of the B11 Foundation and Related Foundations with YH251 and YH330 Oracle Inscriptions

乙十一後期大基址，是結合乙十一、乙十二、乙十三、乙十五、乙十六、乙十八、乙十九、乙二十、乙二十一等九個基址而成。現知面積為南北深70餘公尺，東西寬約50餘公尺，若加以復原，則南北仍舊，東西寬約110公尺，總面積約7700平方公尺，依照地層疊壓及排列，當為帝乙時代的建築。依《爾雅‧釋宮》「室有東西廂曰廟」的標準當為宗廟。YH251為乙十八基址的門旁窖，YH330為乙二十基址的門旁窖。兩窖中的卜辭有統一性。常耀華先生把它們分為休咎及祭祀兩大類，又指出子啟的卜辭佔重要的成分。並謂子啟為武丁時代人，但與基址的時代不合。李學勤先生謂兩窖卜辭為帝乙時代的婦女卜辭，並謂微子亦名啟，與基址的時代相合。卜辭中的祭祀與用牲，多與基址的現象相合。尤其是𤉲門祭。在門旁尚有燒火地點及紅燒土的遺存。古文據此推測卜辭中所舉行各種祭祀的場地，很可能就是乙十一後期大基址。

The later period B11 foundations form part of a group of foundations along with B11, B12, B13, B15, B16, B18, B19, B20, B21. After restorations, the length from north to south is 70 meters, the width from east to west is 110 meters, and the circumference is 7,700 square meters. Based on the various stratums and rows, we know this is a structure from the Ti-I period. In the Er-ya tzu-kuan we read: ''...if a room has wings in the east and west, this is called a temple.'' It would seem that this structure is a lineage temple. YH251 is the storage pit beside the entrance to excavation B18; YH330 is the storage pit beside the entrance to excavation B20. The oracle inscriptions unearthed from both pits include very important oracle inscriptions as well as inscriptions on the background of Tzu-Ch'i. Ch'ang Yao-hua argues that Tzu-Chi is someone from the Wu Ting period, whereas Li Hsueh-ch'in argues the Tzu-Chi is from the Ti-I period. He suggests that the evidence is irrefutable when we examine the B11 foundations of the later period. The names on the oracle inscriptions, rites, and characteristics appear to correspond with the foundations; furthermore, there are sacrificial altars located next to the doorways where we see red scorched earth and ash remains. Based on the divination records and recorded ritual activities, it seems quite likely that these come from later period B 11 excavations.