隋志所載劉先生《尚書義》作者考

The Authorship of the Shangshu-yi Attributed to ''Mr. Liu'' in the Bibliography Monograph of the Sui-shu

《隋書‧經籍志》尚書家著錄劉先生《尚書義》三卷，此「劉先生」究為何人，因其書久佚，迄莫能明。朱彝尊等諸家，咸以劉先生為隋代二劉，劉焯、劉炫二者必居其一。惟此說並無確據，且與〈隋志〉著錄之例頗有違戾。本文則論證此劉先生應為南齊時大儒劉瓛，史傳載梁武帝天監元年下詔為劉瓛立碑，謚曰貞簡先生，故當時學者或曰劉貞簡，或稱劉先生而不名。另據敦煌本《孝經義記》殘卷引劉先生之說，《孝經正義》引之，正作「劉瓛曰」，可為旁證。蓋〈隋志〉本為《五代史志》，於南人之書稍疏，致未辨劉先生即瓛，因失其名耳。

Among the exegetical works on the Confucian classic The Book of Documents recorded in the Bibliography section of the Sui-shu there is a 3-juan work titled Shangshu-yi, whose authored was named as a certain Mr. Liu (Liu Xiansheng). As the work in question has long been lost it was not known who the author really was. Qing scholars like Zhu Yizun thought that this Mr. Liu must have been either Liu Zhuo or Liu Xuan, since these two figures were famous scholars of the Sui. But no evidence was provided for this surmise, and indeed it would have been contradictory to the bibliographic convention of the Sui-shu. This paper argues that the Mr. Liu (Liu Xiansheng) in question was in fact Liu Xian, an eminent Confucian scholar of the Southern Qi dynasty. The standard history has it that in the year 502 Emperor Wudi of the Liang dynasty ordered in an edict the erection of a memorial stele for Liu Xian and bestowed upon him the posthumous name of ''Zhenjian xiansheng'' (Mr. Zhenxian), and accordingly Liu was referred to by contemporaries as Liu Zhenjian, or simply as Mr. Liu. The annotations by ''Mr. Liu'' appearing in an incomplete scroll manuscript of the Xiaojing yiji founded in Dunhuang also provide collateral evidence. The quotations of Mr. Liu therein are preceded by the expression ''Liu Xian comments''. The reason for the ambiguity over this authorship problem seems to be this: Since the bibliographic source of the Sui-shu was the Wudai shizhi, whose author was not too familiar with works by southern scholars, it was unable to specify that that Mr. Liu was Liu Xian.