論語、孟子、及詩經中並列語成分之間的聲調關係

TONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO CONSTITUENTS OF THE COORDINATE CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE ANALECTS, THE MENG-TZE AND THE BOOK OF ODES

漢語聲調的起源是一個尚未解決的問題。我們固然不知道在漢語的母語形成階段是否已有聲調存在，就是在我們已掌握不少材料的周秦上古音階段也無法說定是否確有聲調。關於上古音聲調的爭論已纏訟數百年，從明清到現代，有許多家不同的說法。

The present paper deals with the order of the two constituents of different tones in the Archaic coordinate constructions. The term coordinate construction has been used here in the sense of coordinate phrases and coordinate compounds. By observing 682 coordinate constructions in the Analects, the Meng-tze and the Book of Odes, we may set up a rule, i.e., if there is a P'ing-sheng form in the construction, it usually occurs in the first position, if there is a ju-sheng form, it usually occurs in the second, if there is neither P'ing-sheng nor ju-sheng form, the shang-sheng form occurs first. This rule applies to about 80% of the cases. It seems to indicate that there were four tones in Archaic Chinese. If these tones were derived from the final consonants, the phonological change had to occur in the period before the Shih-ching time.