| 英文摘要 |
This paper is an attempt to analyze the political organization of the Hsiung- nu from the viewpoint both of their kinship and their territorial factors. The following are the major findings of this study: 1. The highest political power was in the hands of two intermarrying moieties. One of the moieties was the royal clan of the Shan-yu, and the other the aristocratic group that was in support of the regime. 2. There was a constant gap between the ideal pattern of political structure and the actual behavior of the political authorities. Although rearrangement of power was usually made within this dual organization in times of critical situations, usurpation and shift of power were still unavoidable. 3. The Hsiung-nu territory included two categories, namely, the inner Hsiung- nu or Hsiung-nu proper and the outer dependencies. The former was composed of a number of vassals, who organized their populace into combat units based on a decimal system, under direct control of the Shan-yn, while the latter comprised a number of chieftains under indirect control of the Shan-yu who assumed suzerainty over them. 4. By an analysis of the titles of the vassals and of the chieftains as well as the rules of succession to the Shan-yu throne, Hsiung-nu seems to be a kingdom with its power laid rather on a less centralized administration than on an authority-divided system among the vassals and the local chiefdoms. In other words, the Hsiung-nu political system is feudalistic instead confederationistic in nature. |
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