偵查中之轉向政策──以緩起訴制度為中心

Diversion Program: The Deferred Prosecution

在我國邁入高齡化社會的同時，關於高齡者、身心障礙者等社會弱勢者因不知或難以取得社福資源，不停進出監所的情況也層出不窮，大量這樣的社會弱勢者，除造成監所負擔之外，更讓吾人思考，對於這樣的被告施以刑事懲罰是否能達到刑事法的目的以及是否只是徒然浪費司法資源。在訴訟經濟及積極使被告復歸社會之特別預防之考量下，我國於2002年2月新增緩起訴制度，然而在現行法及實務之運用下，並未能積極在偵查階段連結社福資源，使社經地位弱勢之被告得到社福資源而脫離刑事程序、達到轉向政策的目標。
而日本早於我國邁入高齡化社會，其刑事訴訟法及刑事政策上亦較我國更早深刻面臨高齡等社會弱勢者犯罪的問題，其在出獄後的「晚期支援」及偵查階段即進行「早期支援」，在學理及實務上均有相當成效，本研究欲借助日本在偵查階段所進行司法與社福的連結，以及對於檢察官行使起訴裁量權的界線做一深入探究，期能帶給我國偵查中需要社福資源之社經地位弱勢被告，早日脫離刑事程序，接受社福資源之協助，達到防止再犯之目的。

As Taiwan moves towards an aging society, there are many cases of the elderly, the mentally or physically challenged, and other socially disadvantaged people who are constantly in and out of prison who have difficulty accessing welfare services resources. In addition to imposing a prison burden, imposing criminal penalties on such defendants would defeat the purpose of criminal law and be a waste of judicial resources.
In February 2002, Deferred Prosecution system was introduced, based on the consideration of litigation economy and active reintegration of defendants into society. However, under the current law and practice, there is no active linkage of welfare services resources at the investigation stage, and the economically and socially disadvantaged defendants are unable to obtain welfare services resources and leave the criminal process at an early stage.
Japan has entered the aging society earlier than Taiwan, and its criminal prosecution law and criminal policy have faced the problem of crimes committed by the elderly and other socially disadvantaged people earlier than Taiwan, and its “Pretrial Diversion Programs” at the investigation has been quite effective. This research aims to learn the link between justice and welfare in the investigation process in Japan, and to study the scope of the prosecutorial discretion.